Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1883-2849
Print ISSN : 0287-3516
ISSN-L : 0287-3516
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Volume 47, Issue 6
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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  • Nutritional Modifications in the Aging Process and Energy Requirements for Frail Elderly Women
    Yoshiaki FUJITA
    1994 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 423-429
    Published: December 10, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.47.423
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Laboratory rats and mice are usually confined to cages that markedly restrict their physical activity, and are provided with food ad libitum. However, animals fed arestricted amount of food, corresponding to about 50-60% of the average food consumption of rats fed ad libitum show a reduced size and develop age-related diseases such as tumors and kidney diseases, as well as a depressed age-related decline of protein and energy metabolism and physiological functions, resulting in prolonged longevity. In this review, the beneficial effects of food restriction we discussed from the viewpoint of age at the start of diet restriction, the kinds of nutrients that should be restricted, and the level of restriction, based on findings in animal studies. The author proposes energy requirements for frail elderly persons living in nursing homes.
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  • Chemistry and Nutritional Biochemistry of Food Constituents
    Tadashi OGAWA
    1994 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 431-440
    Published: December 10, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.47.431
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Chemical and biochemical aspects of various food constituents were investigated in detail to elucidate their physiological functions and nutritional significance. 1) A nitrogen-protein conversion factor of 4.0 was employed to calculate the crude protein contents of cultivated mushrooms. 4-Aminobenzoate hydroxylase newly isolated from Agaricus bisporus was shown to be useful for selective determination of 4-aminobenzoate in pancreatic function diagnosis. 2) NG-Methylarginine derived from proteins methylated post-translationally was demonstrated to be actively metabolized by a newly identified enzyme, dimethylargininase, suggesting that this metabolic system might take part in the regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by removing methylated arginine as an endogenous blocker. The major origin of endogenous dimethylamine as a possible precursor of potent carcinogens in animals was demonstrated to be a degradation product of NG-monomethylarginine by dimethylargininase. 3) The major food allergenic protein occurring in soybean was identified as a 34-kDa oil-body-associated protein, which is classified as a member of the papain-like thiol proteinase family highly homologous to house dust mite allergen, Der p I, the most frequent causative allergen for young patients with atopic dermatitis.
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  • Nitrogen Utihzation of β-Casein in Rats
    Taku NAKANO, Yuji MURAKAMI, Norifumi SATO, Tadashi IDOTA, Ichiro NAKAJ ...
    1994 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 441-446
    Published: December 10, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.47.441
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the β-casein fraction (βCN; 65% β-casein) were compared with those of whole casein (WCN; 30% β-casein) in rats. The BV of rats fed βCN (87.2±0.6) was significantly higher than that of rats fed WCN (82.6±0.7). The NPU of rats fed βCN (87.0±0.7) was also significantly higher than that of rats fed WCN (82.3±0.7). In the PER test, βCN provided slightly greater weight gain for rats (130±6) compared with WCN (121±5). The PER of rats fed βCN (3.51±0.08) was also slightly higher than that of rats fed WCN (3.33±0.10). The data presented here suggest that the nutritive value of βCN is higher than that of WCN.
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  • Influence of Saliva Mucin on the Digestibility of Calcium Compounds
    Kazuhiko TAKAMIYA, Mariko ATSUGI
    1994 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 447-451
    Published: December 10, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.47.447
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Although many kinds of calcium compounds are available commercially, the truly active compounds that are easily dissolved by digestive fluids and contribute to the prevention of osteoporosis have not been determined. We therefore measured the solubility of Ca compounds in artificial gastric and intestinal juice. The solubility of each Ca compound in artificial gastric juice was almost 100%, but the solubility in artificial intestinal juice showed the order: Ca lactate (14.2%) >Ca citrate (13.9%) >Ca gluconate (9.33%) >Ca glycerophosphate (4.70%) >Ca phosphate (4.38%) >Ca oxide (1.64%) >Ca carbonate (0.19%). Addition of human saliva to Ca gluconate increased its solubility in artificial intestinal juice, while addition of mucin to the Ca compounds also increased the solubility as follows: Ca gluconate (84.0%) > Ca citrate (61.7%) >Ca phosphate (52.7%) > Ca lactate (36.0%) >Ca glycerophosphate (25.4%) >Ca carbonate (23.8%) >Ca oxide (3.02%). In in vivo experiments with mice, addition of mucin to Ca compounds in the diet increased the percentage of Ca in the tibia from 6.02% to 8.45%, the breaking force of the tibia (g/mmm2) from 650 to 953, and the bone strength of the tibia (×107dyn) from 6.03 for non-treated mice to 9.97.
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