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Volume 52, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Taeko Shimoda, Nagatomo Nakamura, Michiyo Hujinaga1999 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages 3-11
Published: February 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaste dysfunction, one of the complications seen in patients receiving hemodialysis, may be a serious hindrance to the control of diet therapy. Therefore, taste recognition thresholds for the primary tastes-sour, sweet, salty and bitter-were determined in 37 patients and compared with 26 control subjects. Mean taste thresholds for all these tastes were significantly impaired in dialysis patients when compared with the controls. Sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes in the area innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve in dialysis patients were less sensitive than those in the area innervated by the tympanichord. Many dialysis patients recognized salty as sour or sour as bitter, the so-called parageusia phenomenon. Mean plasma zinc concentration was 63.1±11.9, μg/dL, and the mean plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) level was 12.4±1.7μg/dL. A weak positive correlation was found between the plasma zinc level and the plasma RBP level. Statistical analysis using log-linear models was applied for each of the taste thresholds by sex, smoking, dialysis and antihypertensive drugs and their interaction. Use of antihypertensive drugs such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, α-adrenergic blocking agent and β-adrenergic blocking agent may be implicated as one of the causes of reduced taste sensation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1303K) -
Noriko Koitaya, Noriko Tsukahara, Ikuko Ezawa1999 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages 13-19
Published: February 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA five-year longitudinal study was conducted to clarify the pattern of menopause-related vertebral bone loss in healthy women. The subjects were 357 Japanese women aged 40-60 years, who were divided into 7 groups according to their menstrual status. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the baseline and at the end of the 5-year period. Urinary free deoxypyridinoline parameters related to bone metabolism at the end of the 5-year period and the incidence of ‘low BMD’ based on the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis were also evaluated. These longitudinal data indicated that vertebral bone loss commences before the menopause, and continues for over 10 years after the menopause. Also, the rate of bone loss accelerates sharply during the perimenopausal period and then declines exponentially with time after the menopause.View full abstractDownload PDF (1302K) -
Misao Tashiro, Mizuho Kato1999 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages 21-29
Published: February 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of indigestible dextrin obtained by heat-moisture treatment of HCl-adsorbed corn starch on glucose tolerance was investigated in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Rats were made diabetic by injecting 2-day-old neonates with 80mg/kg streptozotocin. The diabetic rats showed obvious diabetic symptoms such as hyperglycemia, glucosuria and impaired glucose tolerance. From 57 days of age, the diabetic rats were given a diet containing a 4% level of cellulose or a 5.7% level of indigestible dextrin for 58 days. As a control, normal rats were given the diet containing cellulose. The glucose tolerance of diabetic rats fed the indigestible dextrin diet was significantly better than that of diabetic rats fed the cellulose diet. Oral sugar tolerance tests in healthy rats showed that administration of indigestible dextrin with sucrose suppressed the increase in the blood glucose level, whereas glucose did not. In vitro enzyme tests indicated that indigestible dextrin inhibited sucrose and maltase activities in the rat intestinal mucosa. The ameliorating effect of indigestible dextrin on glucose tolerance in the diabetic rats was considered to be due mainly to its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K) -
Keiichi Ito, Miyoko Matsui1999 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages 31-34
Published: February 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of population density on salt preference was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment I, after 12 days of housing at one rat per cage, 12 female rats were divided randomly into two groups, i.e. a control group remaining at one rat per cage, and a crowded group housed at 3 rats per cage. The rats were observed for 21 days. Distilled water, and 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% saline solution were supplied ad libitum with salt-free feed. The salt intake of rats in the control groups did not change during the whole period. On the other hand, the salt intake of rats in the crowded group decreased significantly from 0.29±0.03 to 0.18±0.01g/rat/day (mean±SE, p<0.01) when switched from one rat per cage to 3 rats per cage. A similar study (Exp. II) was done using 20 male rats. The salt intake of rats in the crowded group also decreased from 0.41±0.02 to 0.31±0.02g/rat/day (p< 0.005) when switched from one rat per cage to 3 rats per cage. These results suggest that an environment in which one rat is housed per cage may be more stressful than one in which 3 rats are housed per cage, and may cause an increased preference for salt in these solitary rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
Kiyoshi Suzuki, Makoto Takizawa, Hitoshi Ishida1999 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages 35-39
Published: February 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (688K)
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