Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi

Reviews

Studies on Enhancement of In Vivo Antioxidant Activity by Mutual Interactions of Food Components: Sesame Lignan and Vitamin E

(2008’s JSNFS Award for Excellence in Research)

Kanae Yamashita

2009 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 155-163
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.62.155

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Sesame seeds and vitamin E are traditionally recognized to be food components that have anti-ageing effects. However, 98% of the vitamin E in sesame seeds is γ-tocopherol, which has low vitamin E activity. We observed that ingestion of sesame seeds resulted in higher concentrations of vitamin E in the animal body, and proved that the primary cause of high tocopherol concentrations in animals fed sesame seeds is that sesame lignan, a characteristic component of sesame seeds, inhibits the degradation of vitamin E to carboxyethylhydroxychroman. Inhibition of vitamin E metabolism is a unique characteristic of sesame seed lignans as compared with other plant lignans. We observed that tocotrienol is present specifically in the skin and adipose tissues. Accumulation of dietary tocotrienol in the skin prevents oxidative damage induced by UVB irradiation. Sesame lignans induce higher tocotrienol concentrations in the skin, and act together with tocotrienol to prevent oxidative damage induced by UVB irradiation.

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Development of an Apparatus for Measurement of Endurance Exercise Performance and Its Application for Evaluating Food Components as Ergogenic Aids

(Young Investigator Award of the 2008’ JSNFS)

Kengo Ishihara

2009 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 165-170
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.62.165

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A new forced-swimming apparatus for determining maximum swimming time in mice was devised for evaluation of the endurance capacity of mice after various diet and drug treatments. Using this apparatus, we found that capsaicin, its non-pungent analog, and Nanpao, a Chinese medicine, significantly increased swimming capacity of mice by enhancement of lipid oxidation during exercise. Using a modified respiratory gas analyzer and mass spectrometry, we showed that administration of (−)-hydroxycitrate increased lipid oxidation during exercise and swimming time in mice. Administration of highly branched cyclic cluster dextrin, a new type of glucose polymer, increased the swimming capacity of mice and was useful for carbohydrate supplementation during endurance exercise. In 2006, we improved the swimming apparatus to allow a gradual increase of workload on the mice during swimming. This improved the sensitivity and reproducibility, and reduced the standard deviation when assessing various diet and food components in comparison with the original apparatus.

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Original Paper

Anti-obesity Effect of a Non-salty Soybean Paste Fermented with Rice Yeast on Mice Fed a High-fat Diet

Masaaki Kojima, Toshiyuki Ochi, Kazumi Akeo, Yu Tauchi, Hajime Otani

2009 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 171-178
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.62.171

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Steamed soybeans were fermented with rice yeast without addition of sodium chloride. This mixture was then freeze-dried and termed non-salty soybean paste (NSBP) powder. ICR mice were then fed standard and high-fat diets containing 0, 20 and 40% NSBP powder for 12 weeks. Body weight and the weights of the liver and parametrial adipose tissue increased significantly in the mice given the high-fat diet. Similarly, the levels of liver and serum lipids and the level of serum glucose were significantly higher in the mice fed the high-fat diet than in mice fed the standard diet. However, the addition of NSBP to the high-fat diet prevented any increases in body, liver and adipose tissue weight, and also prevented any increases in the levels of serum lipids and serum glucose. Levels of fatty acids and the expression of mRNAs for leptin and resistin in adipose tissue were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet with NSBP than in those receiving no NSBP. Expression of adiponectin (ACRP30) mRNA was higher in mice fed the high-fat diet with NSBP than in those receiving no NSBP. These results suggest that oral ingestion of NSBP may protect against obesity induced by a high-fat diet.

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Data

Distribution of the Water-soluble Vitamin Content of Japanese Breast Milk

Katsumi Shibata, Mika Endo, Maiko Yamauchi, Junko Hirose, Tsutomu Fuku ...

2009 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 179-184
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.62.179

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Many previous studies have investigated the water-soluble vitamin content of Japanese breast milk. However, regular measurement is necessary because these components appear to change as a result of alterations in dietary habits. This paper reports the distribution of the water-soluble vitamin content of Japanese breast milk and the respective mean values ±SD. These were as follows: vitamin B₁ 0.12±0.06 mg/L as thiamine hydrochloride; vitamin B₂ 0.39±0.13 mg/L as riboflavin; vitamin B₆ 0.10±0.04 mg/L as pyridoxine; vitamin B₁₂ 0.68±0.26 μg/L as cyanocobalamin; niacin 1.4±0.47 mg/L as nicotinamide; pantothenic acid 7.0±2.5 mg/L; folic acid 4.6±2.6 μg/L as pteroylmonoglutamic acid; biotin 46±22 μg/L; vitamin C 46±11 mg/L as ascorbic acid.

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