Experimental production of prostate cancer in the animals may contribute to diagnosis and therapy of human prostate cancer by utulizing as a model of provocation, initiation and pathophysiology of the cancer. It is interesting and important to know in detail the effects of sex hormones on carcinogenic mechanism of prostate cancer which has been supposed to be androgen-dependent. The present author has investigated the influence of sex hormones upon experimental prostate tumor formation, and obtained the following results. 1. In the Donryu rats which have been considered to be vary low in spontaneous tumor formation rate, experiments of tumor formation were performed by direct injection of 1% 20-MC or 4-NQO olive oil solution to the ventral lobe of the prostate and by subcutaneous transplantation of 20-MC or 4-NQO crystal wrapped with the prostate epithelial tissue. In addition, the effects of endocrine milieu on the rate of tumor formation were investigated. 2. The rate of tumor formation was as follows : namely, in the rat group with direct injection of carcinogenic substance to the ventral lobe of the prostate the tumor occurred in 50% by 20-MC and in 51.3% by 4-NQO and in the rats with transplantation of wrapped carcinogenic substances the tumor formation rate was 27.8% by 20-MC and 19.6% by 4-NQO. The results of the cases associated with change in endocrine milieu could be summarized as follows. In the rat group with direct injection of carcinogenic substances, the rats with castration or with estrogen administration after castration showed higher rate in tumor formation than the rats with only carcinogenic substance, and androgen administration caused reduction in tumor formation rate regardless of methods to produce. In the rat group with transplantation of the wrapped carcinogenic substances, although there was no significant difference in tumor formation rate between the rats with only carcinogenic substance and those with androgen, castration or estrogen administration after castration obviously resulted in an increase in tumor formation rate. However, the tumor formation rate was clearly lower in the female rats with subcutaneous transplantation than in the male rats with the same procedure. 3. The tumors formed experimentally were pathohistologically classified as follows. In the rat group with direct injection, adenoma was seen in 15%, squamous cell carcinoma in 37.5%, and sarcoma in 47.5%. In the rat group with subcutaneous transplantation, adenoma was observed in 32%, squamous cell carcinoma in 36%, and sarcoma in 32%. Estrogen administration resulted in an evident increase in weight of the tumors formed. In summary, the present author has failed to provoke experimentally prostate adenocarcinoma which occupies a majority of human prostate cancer. This, special attention was paid to adenoma formed in the rats. Experimentally produced adenoma was originated from the glandular tissue of the prostate. This type of rat prostate adenoma could be subcutaneously transplanted to the other rats of the same strain. It was attempted to clarify the effects of the change in endocrine milieu on the transplanted adenoma, and the following results were obtained. 1) The rate of successful transplantation was 51.25% in the male rats and 40.00% in the female rats. 2) Histological division of the transplanted tumor was done as follows in the male rats : adenoma was seen in 5%, squamous cell carcinoma in 5%, and sarcoma in 5%. Transplanted adenoma tended to alter to malignant one with increasing the time after transplantation. In the female rats, transplanted adenoma changed to adenocarcinoma in 4%, and the cases of adenoma unchaged were 36%. 3) When endocrine milieu was experimentally changed, the results were summarized. In the rats with hexestrol application after castration, the rate of successful transplantation was 60% and the rate to provoke adenocarcinoma was 20%. In the female rats, the rate of successf

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The fine structures of the renal glomerulus, Bowman's capsule and the transitional area from Bowman's capsule to the proximal tubule have been studied after preparing with critical point method by field emission type scanning electron microscope. The structures of both the normal glomerular capillary wall and the basement membrane with three layers have been particularly examined. From the fine structure of the transitional area from Bowman's capsule to the proximal tubule, it has been suggested that this area has something to do with the flow of glomerular filtrate.

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Using epoxy resin thinn section method, the urinary tubules have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. From the results, the structures of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal tubule have been three-dimensionally clarified. In particular, special discussion has been performed as to the craterlike structure of the proximal tubule. The observations of the peritubular capillaries in the cortex, medulla and papillae have revealed similar presence of endothelial fenestration.

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Urinary chondroitin sulfates were measured quantitatively and qualitatively in healthy human males ranging from prematurity to 80 years of age. Between 20 and 30 years of age, chondroitin 4-sulfate the predominant urinary component in the young is displaced by chondroitin 6-sulfate. Chondroitin (molecular weight about 20, 000) constitutes 21% of the total glycosaminoglycans in premature infants but rapidly decreased to 2.5% by 4 years of age.

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A clinical appraisal was made of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) used in combination with psychoactive drugs in schizophrenia. The results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1. In conjunction with maintenance neuroleptics therapy, TRH, 4 mg daily, was administered for 14 days to 62 schizophrenics, including 32 males and 30 females, who exhibited reduced spontaneity, abulia, apathy and autism (social withdrawal) as principal symptoms. Those who had psychomotor excitement or marked hallucinations or delusions were excluded. 2. Of the 62 patients treated, 27 (43.5%) responded excellently or well and 46 (74.1%) to a more or less favorable extent. Symptomatic aggravation resulted in 6 (9.6%) and no symptomatic response was elicited in 10 cases (16.1%). Facial expression, rapport and physical activity were outstanding among features that responded favorably to the hormone. 3. No substantial difference existed between types of the illness in regard to the effectiveness of the hormone. Symptomatic aggravation was more frequent in females than males. Fair or better responses tended to be of higher incidence among patients institutionalized for 5 years or more than among those for shorter periods. The effect of the hormone was manifested within a week, and lasted for a variable period in different cases. Adverse effects were observed in 1 out of 62 cases.

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The histogenetic process of experimental ovarian tumors induced by a chemically carcinogenic substance, 9, 10-dimethyl-1, 2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in rats was studied. Morphologically, the induced tumors can be classified into two groups : Adenocarcinoma and sarcoma. A particular pattern of histogenetic process in these tumors was evidenced by killing and following these animals at staged intervals from the initiation of the experiment. When treated with DMBA, an inflammatory change occurred around the region of a silk thread insertion; and subsequently, connective tissues proliferated. In the following stages, a layer of epithelial cells which constitutes glandular cysts of various sizes, on one hand and interstitial connective tissue on the other, proliferated around them, presenting the findings of fibroadenoma. This fibroadenoma provided a basic type from which two different histogenetic processes bifurcated. In one direction, cystic components dominated and proceeded toward adenocarcinoma, and in the other connective tissue proliferation prevailed to form a sarcoma type. Between the two of them, the process toward adenocarcinoma is of much interest because of its incidence clinically; and it was found that inclusion cysts appeared to play an important role in the developmental process, which should be of special interest when compared with various reports on the histogenesis of human adenocarcinoma.

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In bullfrog sympathetic ganglia, the potassium-activated hyperpolarization, which was produced when the external solution was changed from the potassium-free Ringer solution to the Ringer solution (containing 2 mM KCI), was recorded by means of the sucrose-gap method and intracellular microelectrodes and analysed in order to clarify its electrogenesis. The potassium-activated hyperpolarization of ganglion cells was completely blocked by ouabain (2×10^-6 M) and markedly depressed by lowering temperature of external solution. The amplitude of hyperpolarization was also markedly reduced in the sodium-free lithium solution. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) (5 mM) augmented the amplitude of the hyperpolarization. All these results supported the concept that the potassium-activated hyperpolarization was generated by an activation of the electrogenic sodiumpump.

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Topical application of hexadecane to the skin of guinea pig resulted in a marked hyperkeratotic response of the treated skin. The acid hydrolases activity : acid phosphatase and acid DNase, of non-treated and hexadecanetreated epidermis was followed for one month post-application. The remarkable increase in acid phosphatase activity was found to parallel development of hyperkeratotis, and diminished as the desquamation was in progress. However, the reduction in the level of acid DNase was observed in the hyperkeratotic epidermis. The biological role and significance of acid hydrolases on the hyperkeratotic epidermis were discussed.

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1. It has been confirmed that all 110 samples are to be divided into four groups by agglutination-inhibition tests using O type Rh positive red cells coated with incomplete anti-Rh (D) sera. 2. No correlation to sex has been observed on the Gm serum groups. 3. The Gm serum group frequencies in 110 healthy inhabitants at Kurume District were found to be 40.0% for Gm (1, -2, -12), 30.9% for Gm (1, 2, -12), 24.54% for Gm (1, -2, 12), 4.56% for Gm (1, 2, 12) respectively, and no cases for Gm (-1, -2, 12) in 110 inhabitants tested (Table 2). 4. As for gene frequencies of Gm serum groups of them there observed 0.637±0.003 for Gm^a, 0.200±0.001 for Gm^ax and 0.163±0.001 for Gm^ab respectively (Table 4). (This report was presented at the 19th and 21st Kyushu District Medico-Legal Conference, 1969 & 1971).

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