The distribution of β
2-adrenergic receptors (β
2-ARs) in the rat spinal cord was investigated by immunocytochemistry using an antibody against .β
2-ARs. The relationship between .β
2-ARs and catecholaminergic terminals containing the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the dorsal horn was also examined by light and electron microscopy. β
2-ARimmunoreactivity (β
2-AR-IR) showing the appearance of fibers and puncta was particularly dense in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn. Moderate immunoreactivity was observed in the intermediolateral cell column, in the ventral horn and around the central canal. Additional immunoreactivity was detected in ependyma lining the central canal. Capsaicin treatment reduced, but did not eliminate, the immunostaining in the dorsal horn. Double immunofluorescence histochemistry for, β
2-AR and TH showed no colocalization of the two antigens. By electron microscopy, β
2-AR-IR was found in dendrites as well as unmyelinated axons and axon terminals which contained many small clear vesicles and several large granular vesicles. Such terminals usually formed asymmetric synapses on labeled or unlabeled dendrites. TH-labeled terminals were often near both axonal and dendritic profiles containing β
2-AR-IR and sometimes made synaptic contacts with β
2-AR-labeled dendrites. However, .β
2-AR-IR was found on the extrasynaptic portion of the plasma membrane. No synaptic contact was made between TH-labeled terminals and β
2-AR-labeled varicosities. These results demonstrated that β
2-ARs are localized on both nociceptive primary afferents and on dendrites in the rat dorsal horn and provide the ultrastructural evidence that β
2-ARs on both axonal and dendritic profiles are activated by catecholamines released from catecholaminergic terminals via volume transmission.
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