To evaluate the cellular immunity of carcinoma bearing patients the following investigations were performed : 130 adults including carcinoma laden and free patients were studied for the reaction to Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin tests, 244 to purified protain derivatives (PPD) skin tests and 185 to 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzen (DNCB) patch tests. The survey disclosed that the cellular immunity of the carcinoma laden patients showen to be extensively weaker than those of the cancer free patients. It is worthy to note that the classification of the results, according to the types of carcinoma reaveled that the immunities of the patients with the carcinoma of pancreas were remarkably weakened, while those of those of the patients with breast carcinoma were fairly well maintained. As for the differences in reactivities of patients in various stages of malignancies, gastric carcinoma was chosen for the analyses : 45 were studied by PHA, 98 by PPD skin test, and 45 by DNCB patch tests. Patients in stage I and II showed the preservation of similar reactivivity to the controls, contrary to that, the patients in stage III and IV were revealed to show poor responses to the tests.

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Surgical specimens from six cases with muscular torticollis were examined. Three of them were males and the others females, ranging from 17 months to 16 years of age. The right sternocleidomastoid muscle was involved in four. All of the patients were noted to have manifestations of torticollis at theirs births The nodulated sternal regions of each involved muscle were taken at surgery in a biopsy clamp, then prefixed in an aldehyde mixture and processed for light and electron microscopic observation. The H. and E. preparation revealed that the majority of the muscle cells in the nodulated regions were replaced with the connective tissue such as compact, parallel collagen fibers resembling tendon or ligament. Although hyaline degenerative changes were sometimes found, neither hemosiderin nor inflammatory infiltration was observed. By electron microscopy, densely packed collagen fibrils were abundantly distributed in the intermuscular spaces and were closely associated with the muscle fibers. The muscle cell boundary was sometimes undulated and indented and appeared to be partially invaded with the collagen fibrils. Infoldings and/or internalizations of the sarcolemma were occasionally seen. Glycogen particles were richly distributed throughout the sarcoplasm. Myofibrils and sarcoplasmic reticulum showed varying degrees of often irregularly wrinkled along their contour. Fibroblasts near the degenerative muscle fibers appeared normal and contained well-developed rough ER.

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The technique of in-situ preservation of left lower lobe was described. Also the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate solution in combination with hypothermia (2-4℃) on prolonging viability of anoxic canine lung was studied. These studies demonstrate the technigue is feasible for evaluation of lung preservation and also the anoxic canine lung can be preserved for eight hours without apparent morphological and functional impairments.

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A new apparatus and a method for blood nitrogen content determination were developed and tried to clinical application in order to abbreviate arterial-Alveolar nitrogen difference which was very useful to clarify one of regional lung functions. The apparatus was composed of a combination of gas chromatograph (GC) and gas extractor. The analytical method was gas chromatography containing a pre-treatment of 1ml blood sample by using the gas extraction method ; that was, the blood gases were extracted from arterial blood sample and analyzed with GC. Also, multiple effects of decrease in solubility of blood gas by heating and diffusion of blood gas into the gas phase (GC carrier gas) from the liquid phase (blood) by difference in the concentration between both phases, were used as gas extraction. Analytical time and precision by the present method, were within 20 minutes and less than 8ppm by twice measurements, respectively. The former was 30 minutes shorter and the latter was much better than those of the Farhi's trial, respectively. Arterial nitrogen contents in normal samples by the present method ranged from 720ppm to 810ppm, and in emphysema samples those ranged from 830ppm to 910ppm. The difference between both samples was thus clearly detectable. Finally, from these results we could find the blood nitrogen content determination was very useful for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

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It has been known that Ascaris suum living under the anaerobic condition produce succinate as a metabolic end product. The following results were obtained concerning the succinate formation system of the Ascaris muscle. 1. The studies of intracellular distribution of malic enzyme, fumarase, and fumarate reductase which are concerned in the succinate formation revealed that each of the three enzymes was found more in the soluble fraction than in the mitochondrial fraction. 2. Fumarase in the soluble fraction of Ascaris muscle was noted to combine with 9, 000-100, 000×g sediments, resulting in a remarkable increase of 74% in fumarase activity of the sediments. 3. In anaerobic succinate formation with 100, 000×g supernatant solution using fumarate as substrate, and NADH as electrondoner, addition of 9, 000-100, 000×g sediments brought about four times increase in the succinate formation at pH 7.4, three times at pH 7.0, and twice at pH 6.5.

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Our previous report described that an attempt of applying the passive haemagglutination (HA) test for the screening of anti-HLA antibodies in human sera, in comparison with the lymphocyte cytotoxicity (LC) test, and the results indicated a considerable correlation between the LC and the HA test. In this report, a modified passive haemagglutination test was introduced using micro titer plates (m-PHA). The m-PHA test was applied for the screening of HLA antibodies in the blood donors with the history of pregnancies, 19-35y, and in blood transfused patients. To examine its usefulness, m-PHA positive sera of the both groups were further screened by the LC test ; HLA group specific antibodies were detected in donors'sera. The m-PHA method was found very useful and convenient for screening of HLA antibodies in numerous sera, if used preliminary to the LC test that requires more complicated manipulations.

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Since it is already documented that acute leukopenia occurs in patients during the first hour of hemodialysis with cellopane membrane equipment, we have examined 1) serial changes of leukocyte counts during the 6 hours of hemodialysis with cuprophane membrane dialyzer, 2) leukocyte counts from different source of blood samples, and 3) fixation of leukocytes in cuprophane membrane in 10 chronically hemodialyzed patients. The leukocyte counts began to reduce immediately after the start of hemodialysis reaching their lowest level at 15 min and then recovered to the pre-dialysis level at 120 min. The main source of leukopenia was neutrophiles. There was no marked difference of leukocyte counts between blood samples from antecubital vein, arterial and venous side of equipment, although some fixations of leukocytes were noticed in cuprophane membrane. From these results it is suggested that acute leukopenia in patients during the hemodialysis is predominantly resulted from the decrease of leukocytes in the body.

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Emergeney patients in our hospital were analysed from various viewpoints. As a results, emergency patients in internal medicine and pediatrics have increased. Present and future of emergency medical care were also discussed. And the conclusion is that mutual understanding and cooperation among related personnel in the hospital is indispensable.

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We can find "lymphangioma" chiefly occurring in the neck region. But, comparatively rarely in the lower limbs. In this paper, we present a case of lymphangioma and review extensively literature on this paper. The patient who had the tumor in the dorsal region of the left foot and entirely diffuse swelling of left lower limb, was noticed at the birth. But, she had no management until adolescence. She wished to excise tumor of dorsal region of the left foot because of wearing the high-heel and admitted to our hospital at the eighteen-years-old. We operated on partial removal of tumor, because complete excision was impossible. After this operation, we have been able to find no functional disturbance and no trouble in the daily life. When complete excision is not perfomed, recurrence occurs frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to follow up the cause of this illness carefully.

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Fibrosarcoma is one of the common malignant tumors occuring in soft tissue, most frequently in the thigh but rarely in the trunk. In this paper, we report a case of fibrosarcoma, occuring in the lateral chest wall. When first seen, the patient was a 58 year-old female. The mass was palpable and 8×14 cm in size. Since 18 months before, this mass had been getting larger and larger. We performed wide excision, and after the operation, performed radiation and chemotherapy. The post-operative course is good with no recurrence, but we must follow up her condition very carefully.

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Urokinase (UK) of human origin was infused into patients suffered from acute thromboembolic vascular diseases. This report includes 29 cases of acute thromboembolism caused by various thrombogenic conditions. For acute arterial disease UK with Low Molecular Weight Dextran (LMWD) therapy was performed mainly following Fogarty thromboembolectomy. For acute venous thrombosis, conservative UK & LMWD were initiated on first choice. This method was usually successful for lower leg vein thrombosis. However early thrombosis of the femoral vein was required long term UK & LMWD infusion following venous thrombectomy. We particularly emphasized the importance of the postoperative fibrinolytic therapy (UK & LMWD) in treating remained thrombus and in preventing re-thrombosis.

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