In order to identify T lymphocyte on tissue section of human skin, we attempted to preparate anti-T lymphocyte serum (ATS). T-enriched poaulations (90% E-RFC, 5%Ig-bearing cells) were obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes by a nylon wool colum method. An antiserum against human T lymphocyte antigens was prepared by immunization of a rabbit with T-enriched populations at one week interval for 4 weeks. Then the antiserum was absorbed with rat liver aceton powder, human erythrocytes and EB virus transformed B lymphoblastoid cell line. It was demonstrated that the antiserum recognized surface antigens on mature T lymphocyte and medullary cell of thymus by complement dependent cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence.

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Varius pathological changes are found inside of the human livers in the chronic schistosomiasis japonica (chronic s. j.). We observed on the pathological changes of 101 cases of chronic s. j. using ultrasonic methods. Abnormal echo pattern has been studied in relation with patient's age and liver lesion. However, observation on the liver using CT-scan of chronic s.j. has not yet been reported. Therefore, we tried to use CT-scan in 32 cases. Our results showed that : 1) CT-scan is more sensitive for detection of calcification scattering than common X-ray, 2) on observations using ultrasound or CT-scan, the rate of abnormal-echo and calcification scattering are increased according to their age and/or degree of liver lesion.

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In order to elucidate the possible involvement of central noradrenaline metabolism in affective disorders, Plasma total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylglycol (MHPG) levels were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Plasma total MHPG levels were studied in 37 patients with depression, 5 patients with mania, 10 patients with other psychiatric disorders and 27 healthy controls. Baseline levels of plasma MHPG in depressive patients, especially in patients with bipolar depression, were significantly decreased (P<0.01, t-test). Five patients with mania showed significantly increased plasma total MHPG (P<0.01). There were no significant correlation between the severity of depression experessed in the total score of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and baseline levels of plasma total MHPG (N=15). During chronic antidepressant treatment plasma total MHPG had been significantly decreased in 11 depressive patients, although plasma total MHPG might increase in follow up studies. Differential effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 500μg i.v., on plasma total MHPG in 2 bipolar patients were found. It was discussed that the measurement of plasma MHPG might be a better index of baseline noradrenaline turnover and an alternative to the study of urinary MHPG excretion. This study demonstrates the state dependent changes of central noradrenergic function in affective disorders.

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As the first step for the future study on the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases of the nervous system, the isolation of neurons from human post-mortem brain tissue was performed. The material used in this work was normal human brain obtained 5 hours post-mortem from a 70-year-old man died of ruptured aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. The brain tissue was stored frozen in -80℃ for more than 1 year. Grey matter of about 1g was cut out in a semifrozen state from the precentral gyrus and was subjected to the procedure described by Iqbal & Tellez-Nagel. Cells were collected by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Two layers of neuronal fraction were obtained. A glial fraction was obtained after the second centrifugation of a mixed fraction. Examination of the neuronal fraction by Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy demonstrated fairly well preserved neuronal perikarya accounting for more than 90% of the total particles. Many of them had stumps of intact dendrites. Glial cells were fragile and most of them were shorn of processes. making the identification very difficult. Cell counts gave an average of 9.3×10^5 neurons per gram wet weight of of grey matter. The yield of glial cells was much lower and the glial fraction contained an average of 5.8×10^4 cells per gram wet weight of grey matter. It was confirmed that this bulk separation method permits the recovery of highly purified neuronal fractions from previously frozen cerebral cortex. This technique offers promising applications for biochemical analyses of neurons in various pathological states.

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Platelet aggregation was measured by the turbidometric method in arteriosclerosis and the data ware compared with those of healthy subjects. The subjects were 90 healthy volunteers and 26 arteriosclerotic patients including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction in the stable state. In healthy volunteers their median age was 33 years with a range form 21 to 85 years and the median of the arteriosclerotic patients was 64 years with a range from 47 to 84 years. The aggregation agents employed was ADP in a final concentration of 2.9×10^<-6> M and aggregation parameter was expressed by maximum aggregation rate. Thromboxane B_2, 6-keto-PGF_<1α>, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and atherogenic index were also measured. Platelet aggregation was increased in arteriosclerosis compared to normal subjects (p<0.001). Platelet aggregation in cerebral infarction was higher than the other arteriosclerotic groups. In both normal and arteriosclerosis groups a positive correlation was found between intensity of platelet aggregation and Thromboxan B_2/6-keto-PGF_<1α> ratio (r=0.68, P<0.05). But there was no significant correlation of platelet aggregation to serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and atherogenic index. To sum up above findings, platelet aggregation is considered to indirectly reflect levels of prostaglandin metbolism in vivo.

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Fracturts in children differ in many ways from those seen in adults ; healing is rapid, pseudoarthrosis rarely occurs and there is a pronounced capability for remodelling. Therefore, fractures on the children are commonly handled conservatively. This gives us a certain freedom as to the preferable method of reduction, but there should be careful consideration on the effects of the fracture and the normal growth process effected by the method employed. Although there have been considerable achievements parallel with large increase in the annual traffic accidents, there has been some contradictory information concerning these problems. In the present paper, a follow-up study on fractures of lower extremity in children was studied with consideration on the remarkable improvement over the last the last twenty years in growth and physical development. The effect of various displacement and resultant various angle deformity that persists especially after the fracture at the alignment of the lower leg and the growth plates were studied from the point of normal recovery of function. Although it is theoretically supposed that the persistence of angle deformity should increase the displacement from knee center on the Mickliz line, I could not see a pronounced displacement. Stress on the growth plates is large since affected children mostly tend to walk in the early phase of recovery. This reaction appears more evident for the latter, with a tendency of adaptation of Mickliz line. Moreover, it is assumed that normal walking in an extremely early phase will cause some delay in the correction of local angle deformity.

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The pathognomonic mechanisms of cellular immunities (T, T_γ, T_μ cells and macrophages) in primary glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis were investigated by monoclonal antibodies, focusing upon the subsets changes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the infiltrations of these cells in the glomeruli. The results were as follows・in active stages of MPGN and lupus nephritis, peripheral blood T and T_γ cells were remarkably decreased, whereas the decrement of these cells were not so much in other types of primary glomerulonephritis. These data were in accordance with our previous reports by various receptor assays. The immunocompetent cells in the glomeruli were mainly macrophages with only occasional infiltrations of T cells. The types of renal histopathology accompanied by the infiltrations of macrophages were diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with the depositions of immune complexes regardless of primary glomerulonephritis or lupus nephritis. These infiltrated macrophages were considered to function clearing deposited immune complexes and anti-inflammatorily by secreting of monokines.

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Non-union of extracapsular femoral neck fractures in hemiplegic patients are rare. Aut hors had treated a patient, sixty eight year old male, who had right hemiplegia and non-union of extracapsular femoral neck fracture. The patient could walk with a cane before suffering the fracture even with hemiplegia. Unfortunately, however, he was initially treated by a doctor of internal medicine after the trauma, and the fracture was not noticed because of paralysis of the leg. The Fememoral neck fracture was suspected clinically by one of the authors three months after the injury. The leg was found to be in marked external rotation with shortening, and slight movement of the leg caused moderate pain in the hip at that time. Roentgenogram revealed a extracapsular fracture of the right femoral neck. Open reduction with bone grafting was carried out for the non-union by authors. Three months later, the patient began to stand-up first using the tilt table and then parallel bars. After that, crutch walking with partial weight bearing was allowed. At follow-up time, eight months after surgery, the patient had no leg length discrepancy and walked with a cane (same as before trauma), and good bony union of fracture site was observed on X-ray. It is very important to the femoral neck fracture treatment of the hemiplegic patients that the surgical treatment should be performed according to age of the patient, general condition, degree of the displacement of the fragment, other complications and motivation for walking.

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Reticulum cell sarcomas occur in all age groups, in both cylindrical and flat bone, but tumors in the tibia, were rarely seen in patients over seventy years of age. Authors have treated a patient, seventy four years old female, with reticulum cell sarcoma of tibia. The patient had noticed local swelling, redness and pain at the middle of lower leg three months before being seen by the authors. There were inflammatory signs, such as local swelling, redness, pain and tenderness at the middle of right lower leg. Local radiolucency with irregular border at the middle of tibia was seen on X-ray. Blood sedimentation rate only elevated moderately in laboratory findings. Therefore, the diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis was made from laboratory data, clinical and X-ray findings. However, malignant bone tumor was suspected soon after surgery began. After the pathologist confirmed this suspicion, wide resection of tibia was performed. Pathological diagnosis was reticulum cell saroma of the tibia, and fracture of tibia at operative region occured a week after surgery. Kuntcher's medullary nail, bone cement and metal mesh were used for the reconstructive surgery of the tibia. Chemotherapy of malignant tumor was continued after the surgery. Now, ten months after surgery, the patient is being seen once a week at outpatient unit and is very well, both clinically and roentgenographically.

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A 70-year-old man developed muscular weakness during treatment of essential hypertension. He had been administered 4mg (2 tablets) of trichlormethiazide per day for about 7 weeks. The muscular weakness was most remarkable on the 4th day from the onset. After that time his muscle strength gradually recoverd and was almost normal about 2 weeks later. Blood examination revealed marked reduction of potassium (1.7mEq/1 in the lowest) and elevation of serum enzymes, especially CPK (8630 mIU). Serum and urinary myoglobin and creatine were also increased. EMG showed polyphasic potentials of myogenic origin. Motor nerve conduction velocities were normal. Although muscle biopsy was not performed, his illness was diagnosed as hypokalemic myopathy induced by the administration of trichlormethiazide. Supplemental potassium medication was attended by normalization of all the values mentioned above. Hypokalemic myopathy rarely occurs by the administration of antihypertensive, diuretic drugs, although hypokalemia is often observed during the medication. Moreover, hypokalemic myopathy induced by the administration of a thiazide for only 7 weeks has not been reported in the literature.

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