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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
Cover5-
Published: June 30, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1993
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Yoshifumi KONISHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
175-182
Published: June 30, 1993
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The vasodilation mode and degree of the invasion "caused by balloon angioplasty for vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage were experimentally examined. Eleven main cerebral arteries of the circle of Willis were collected in autopsies of 11 patients who died of vasospasm. Using the 5 arteries, in vitro angioplasty was performed at 1 atm for various time duration, ranging from 10 seconds to 5 minutes on 3 arteries (Group A) and 10 times at 3 atm for 1 minute on 2 arteries (Group B). In light microscopy, the treated site of Group A showed compression of the intima, streching of the media and the disappearance of vacuolization of the muscular cells. However, there was neither rupture nor fragmentation of the intima. In scanning electron microscopy, the unevenness seen at the nontreated intima was smooth out at the treated sites. When compared Group A and B, no remarkable histopathological differences were identified. On the other hand, in order to evaluate the effect of angioplasty under conditions similar to clinical state, the remailling 6 spastic arteries of 5 cm length, were quickly implanted in' the carotid or femoral artery of mongrel dogs under general anesthesia. Using fluoroscope, angioplasty was also performed in the same conditions of Group A and B as in vitro study. The implanted artery showed dilatation of over 30% on angiography after angioplasty. Then, the implanted arteries were removed and submitted to histological examination. In vitro angioplasty performed 10 times at 1 atm or 3 atm for 1 minute showed almost the same results in histological changes with in vitro angioplasty. In conclusion, it was found that in vitro angioplasty performed at least 10 times at 1 atm for 1 minute provided sufficient dilatation of spastic arteries without damage to the arterial walls.
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Kunie KAMATA, Nobuyoshi HAYASHI, Akiko DHOBUTU, Mikio NAKAMURA, Shoich ...
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
183-191
Published: June 30, 1993
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Central regulation of the feeding behavior in rats is considered to be very complicated since it involves many neurotransmitters and their interactions. The details of these are not fully understood at present. In this study, the influence of plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels on food consumption stimulated by a_2-adrenergic agonist (clonidine), opioid peptides ([D-Ala^2, D-Leu^5] enkephalinamide : DADL, [D-Ala^2, N-Me-Phe^4, Gly^5-ol] enkephalin : DAGO and dynorphin 1-13 : DYN) and benzodiazepine (BZ) -GABA agonists (diazepam: DZ and muscimol) were examined in rats. Although adrenalectomy inhibited α_2-adrenergic agonist (clonidine), δ-agonist (DADL) and κ-agonist (DYN) -induced increase in food consumption, subcutaneous injection of CORT was restored food consumption in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, increase in food consumption by μ-agonist (DAGO) and BZ-GABA agonists not be influenced by the concentration of circulating CORT. The results of this study are suggested that circulating CORT may act on the hypothalamus directly and/or indirectly to modulate feeding behavior, and this is one of the factors that modulate α_2-adrenergic agonist and δ-, κ-opioid peptides-induced increase in the food consumption of rats.
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Motoko MATSUKURA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
193-199
Published: June 30, 1993
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The author investigated retrospectively clinical characteristics of patient of depression who admitted to Kyorin University between 1976 and 1989 and about comparison of two subtypes, unipolar and bipolar. Of total 296 depressives, 48 bipolar patients, and 205 unipolar (endogenous type) patients were selected according to research criteria. The two groups were compaired with reference to distribution of the various clinical factors : age, gender, family history, premorbid personality, life event, age of onset, admission period, admission number, occupation, drop out, education, and depressive symptoms. The major findings of the research can be summarized as follows. 1. Onset age of bipolar type was significantly earlier than unipolar patients. 2. Life event and obsessional personality were precipitating factor of onset of illness in unipolars. On the other hand, unipolar patients tend to be less familial, and in bipolars genetic factor was more important than in unipolar type. 3. The incidence of premorbid personality, the rate of immodithymic character or Typus melancholicus was high in both two groups. 4. There was no significant difference of clinical factors : gender, admission period in neither unipolar patients or that of bipolar type, but prolonged tendency of admission period was identified in both groups. 5. The endogenous symptom patterns of bipolar patients were similar to unipolars.
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Toshihiro MATSUI, Takashi FUJINO, Tsutomu MORII, Fumie KOBAYASHI, Mori ...
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
201-204
Published: June 30, 1993
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The possibility of invasion of the extra-intestinal organs of cats by the merozoites and zoites of Isospora rivolta were examined. Four cats (donor) given the organs of mice that had been inoculated with 2.3×10^5 oocysts were necropsied 3 days thereafter. Numerous merozoites in their small intestines and a few zoites in the mesenteric lymph nodes were found. Their intestinal mucosa and extraintestinal organs (liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen) were separated and fed to 2 recipient cats (the 1 st recipient), respectively. The 1 st recipient cats were sacrificed on day 9 and the extra-intestinal organs of each group were fed to other cats (the 2 nd recipient). Both of 2 nd recipients began to shed oocysts from 7 or 9 days after feeding. A greate number of merozoites in donor cats were inoculated into 1 st recipients, whereas the 2 nd recipient shed few oocysts. This result indicate that a few merozoites and zoites may invade the extra-intestinal organs of the 1 st recipient cats.
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Atsushi SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
205-212
Published: June 30, 1993
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The mechanism of the development of serotonin-induced gastric mucosal lesions was experimentally studied by administration of exogenous serotonin in rats. The factors considered to affect the microcirculation, such as gastric mucosal blood flow and platelet aggregation, were investigated. Biogenic amines (histamine, serotonin) were also investigated as regulating factors of gastric mucosal blood flow. Furthermore distribution of serotonin in the gastric mucosa was investigated immunohistochemically. Serotonin-induced gastric mucosal lesions were histopathologically observed as hemorrhagic erosion with congestion and necrosis. Gastric mucosal blood flow was significantly decreased soon after the administration of serotonin. Platelet aggregation was also accelerated. As to the distribution of serotonin in the gastric mucosa, cells with positive immunoreaction were found in the deep layer adjacent to the submucosa as well as in the submucosa. These cells were supposed to be mast cells or enterochromaffin cells. The incidence of gastric mucosal lesions closely corresponded with the decrease of mucosal blood flow. These circulatory disturbances seemed to play an important role on the development of the gastric mucosal lesions after administration of serotonin.
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Yumiko SEIMIYA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
213-222
Published: June 30, 1993
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Effects of acute estrogen deficiency after oophorectomy on lumber bone mineral density (BMD), bone and calcium metabolism were studied. Preoperated (Pre), hysterectomized (HX) and oopho-hysterectomized patients (OOX) were analyzed cross sectionally (Study I) and longitudinally (Study II). In study I (Pre : n=92, HX : n=127, OOX : n=186), lumbar BMD decreased rapidly for 2.5 years after OOX and went to steady state thereafter. In study II (HX: n=43, OOX : n=36), 9.2% and 11.3% decrease in lumbar BMD were found at 1 and 2 years after OOX, respectively. Serum level of osteocalcin as a marker of bone formation kept high level after OOX, while urinary excretions of OH-proline and d-pyridinoline as markers of bone resorption transiently increased and decreased thereafter. In spite of the increase in serum calcium level after OOX, serum PTH level decreased transiently at 1 year after OOX and increased subsequently. In conclusion, the loss of bone mineral density ends at about 2 years after OOX and the changes in calcium regulation may be a causal factor for the termination of bone mineral loss after OOX.
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Yoshitaka NAKATA, Kin-ichi NABEYA, Tateo HANAOKA, Chouou KAKU, Hajime ...
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
223-232
Published: June 30, 1993
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For surgical therapy of gastric cancer, depending on the degree of cancer extension, a gastrectomy combined with splenectomy is carried out to enhance surgical radicality. To evaluate the postoperative influence of splenectomy on non-specific cell mediated immunity of patients undergoing operation for gastric cancer, immunological. examinations were performed at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months postoperatively. Assays of these postoperative fluctuation rates were made by dividing the curative resection cases into the splenectomy group and the non-splenectomy group. The results were as follows. 1. Postoperative fluctuations of white blood cell and lymphocyte showed an increase of significant difference in the splenectomy group until 2 months postoperatively but at 3 months postoperatively, a significant difference was not seen between the two groups. 2. Postoperative fluctuations of PHA blastgenetic reaction and NK cell activity did not show significant differences between the two groups and it was considered that splenectomy did not influence lymphocyte functions. 3. The postoperative fluctuations of 0KT3^+ cell, OKT4^+/OKT8^+ rate and OKIal^+ cell did not show significant differences between the two groups and it was considered that splenectomy did not influence lymphocyte subsets. 4. For operations of advanced gastric cancer, from a viewpoint of surgical radicality, it was concluded that gastrectomy combined with splenectomy may take precedence.
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Nobuyoshi HAYASHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
233-246
Published: June 30, 1993
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It has been known that on sexual behavior in male rats LH-RH as a stimulating factor and opioid peptide as an inhibitory factor are involved. However, the details of their interrelations are not fully understood. In the present study, effects of LH-RH antagonist on increased sexual behavior in intact and castrated male rats induced by the opioid peptide antagonist naloxone was examined. Adult male rats (Wister-Imamichi strain) weighing 300-350g, were administrated naloxone hydrochloride intracerebroventricularly (i. c. v. 5μg/rat) and subcutaneously (s. c. 1 mg/kg). In all of the group receiving i. c. v. and s. c. administration of naloxone, sexual behavior increased. Pretreatment with LH-RH antagonist (s. c. 500ng/rat) inhibited significantly the naloxone-induced increase in sexual behavior in rats. The results of this study suggest that the central opioid peptidergic system is very closely related to the central LH-RH system in sexual behavior of male rats.
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Tomonori NANNO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
247-256
Published: June 30, 1993
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The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of prolactin (PRL) in the process of ovulation in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary. The addition of PRL (10〜10^3ng/ml) to the perfusate inhibited hCG-induced ovulation in a dose-dependent manner. However, PRL did not affect hCG-stimulated prostaglandin (PG) F_2α and E_2 and leukotriene B_4 (LTB_4) production by the perfused rabbit ovaries. In the process of ovulation, ovarian ai plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex (α_2PI-Plm) generation rate reached its maximal level at 4 hours after exposure to hCG and then declined. The second peaks occurred at 8h after hCG administration. Exposure to PRL at 10^3ng/ml significantly inhibited hCG-induced ca PI-Plm generation in ovaries throughout the entire perfusion periods. A significant positive correlation between the α_2PI-Plm generation rate at 4 hours after hCG administration and the ovulatory efficiency was observed. Furthermore, PRL inhibited hCG-stimulated intrafollicular α_2PI-Plm content at 4 hours after hCG administration in the perfused rabbit ovaries in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, PRL directly inhibits hCG-induced ovulation in the rabbit ovary, at least in part, by a mechanism depending upon inhibition of the plasmin generating system in the preovulatory follicles.
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Tomoo INOUE
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
257-269
Published: June 30, 1993
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the histopathological findings of the acetabulum and the femur after insertion of a bipolar endoprosthesis. The surgery was carried out on the left hip joint of 20 mongrel adult dogs. The canines were divided into two groups. One of the groups was operated on under the assumption that the femoral neck was fractured, without any damage to the acetabular cartilage. This group was labelled the RC-group (Remaining Cartilage group). Second group was operated on under the assumption that there was damage to the acetabular cartilage caused through coxarthrosis, in this case the canine's acetabular cartilage was removed. This group was labelled the EC-group (Eliminating Cartilage group). Three years after the surgery, microscopic findings of RC-group's acetabulum showed cartilage remaining with decreasing safranin-0 stain. Microscopic findings of the EC-group's acetabulum that were observed at three years after the operation showed fibrocartilage stained by safranin-O in the deep layer. On the femur side, the section known as the "radiopaque line" in X-rays, showed thick bone trabeculae in the bone marrow. On the outside of the outer head and the inside of the bearing insert, minimal wear was only observed. Fixed strength between the stem and the femur, measured by a tensile tester, increased with passage of time. It is concluded based on this study that in the RC-group acetabular cartilage showed minimal microscopic changes for a long time after the surgery and that in the EC-group, fibrocartilage, stained partly by safranin-O, was revealed, covering over the subchondral bone.
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Kuniaki OKONOGI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
271-281
Published: June 30, 1993
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During 100, 320, 370, 400 and 440 m helium-oxygen saturation dive simulations involving 6 male subjects for each dive, subjectively comfortable ambient temperature ranges were obtained at each depth using a questionnaire method, and the effect of low ambient temperatures which were 0.5 to 3.0℃ below the comfortable ranges on body heat balance was evaluated in order to establish pertinent ambient temperature ranges in hyperbaric dry environment. As the results, the covective heat transfer from the skin (Cs) and the respiratory tract (Cr) increased and radiant heat exchange (R) decreased with depth at the comfortable temperature, while no significant changes were seen in metabolic rate (M), body heat storage (S) and evaporative heat exchange (E). There were greater increases in S, Cs and Cr and greater decreased in E measured at the lowered temperature than those measured at the comfortable temperature at each depth. Based on the thermal sensation rating, it was suggested that the ambient temperature inside a hyperbaric residentiary chamber complex should be maintained within ±0.5℃ at 440 m to ±1.5℃ at 100 m from the comiort band.
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Akihiro YOSHIDA, Naoki KOMORI, Hideaki MORI, Shinichi TAKAHASHI, Shozo ...
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
283-287
Published: June 30, 1993
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A 56-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of right hypochondralgia. On physical examination, the liver was palpated 2 finger breadths at the right clavicular midline. Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) revealed a polypoid lesion in the gallbladder and multiple masses in the liver. Based on the results of US and CT, a diagnosis of the gallbladder cancer and metastatic cancer of the liver was given. Intraarterial infusion of anticancer agent was performed. However, the clinical course gradually worsened and she died 5 months after admission. At autopsy, two polpoid lesions in the gallbladder and multiple tumors in the liver were seen. Pathological diagnosis was double cancer : Cholangiocarcinoma of the liver and latent carcinoma of the gallbladder. A rare case with cholangiocarcinoma of the liver and carcinoma of the gallbladder was reported.
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
289-423
Published: June 30, 1993
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
424-432
Published: June 30, 1993
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Article type: Bibliography
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
433-434
Published: June 30, 1993
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
435-436
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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