The prognosis for the recurrence of peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer is poor possibly due to the presence of free cancer cells in the abdominal cavity and digestive tract lumen. Washing the abdominal cavity and digestive tract lumen with hypotonic solution is a promising preventive measure.
However, cancer cells that survive after washing with hypotonic solution might become highly malignant. Therefore, in this study, we exposed gastric cancer cell lines MKN7 (well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma ; tub1) and MKN74 (moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma ; tub2) to distilled water for 10 min and MKN45 (poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma ; por) for 5 min. The surviving cell lines were recultured and examined for growth capacity, invasive ability, and drug sensitivity. The results showed that growth capacity of MKN7 and MKN45 did not have a significant difference, but that of MKN74 significantly increased at 48 h and did not significantly change at 72 h. The invasive ability was significantly decreased in MKN74 and MKN45, but it could be increased in MKN7. There were no significant changes in drug sensitivity in all cells. In the present study, MKN7 and MKN74, well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, respectively, could become more aggressive after exposure to distilled water.
However, MKN45, a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, showed no change in growth capacity, invasive ability, and drug sensitivity, indicating a positive outcome.

Eighteen years ago, the patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and portal vein resection for pancreatic head cancer. Pathological examination revealed a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, pStage IIB (T3N1M0). After the surgery, the patient received 6 months of gemcitabine (GEM) as adjuvant therapy and was subsequently placed under observation. Four years after the surgery, a solitary pulmonary nodule was detected in the left lower lobe and was diagnosed as lung metastasis from pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the patient underwent 2nd partial lung resection in the right lower lobe which was followed by 3rd partial lung resection in the left upper lobe for metastases with 2 years interval, respectively. With the latest 10 years of recurrence-free, the patient has achieved a total of 14 years survival since the first lung resection. Although the systemic chemotherapy is the standard treatment for distant metastasis after pancreatic cancer surgery, it has been reported that the prognosis is better for cases with only lung metastasis compared to cases with metastasis in other organs. Therefore, lung resection may be considered in clinical practice. This case is a rare example of three solitary lung metastases recurrences that were managed only with surgical resections and achieved a good long-term outcome.

Thymoma is a rare disease with an incidence of about 0.5 per 100,000 people, and 0.3-6.3% of thymoma are accompanied by painful and intractable oral lichen planus, OLP. Symptomatic relief of OLP by thymectomy is reported to be not effective, and treatment by systemic chemotherapy for recurrent thymoma is rarely reported. We report the case of a woman in her 40s with no particular medical history. She was incidentally pointed out for a mediastinal tumor by a routine medical check-up, and diagnosed as thymoma pStage IVa. Thymoma was resected, but 6 months after resection thymoma recurrenced. Although local radiotherapy was performed four times in total, thymoma progressed, and resulted in radiotherapy-refractory Thymoma, accompanied by OLP. Systemic chemotherapy as PAC (cisplatin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) regimen for unresectable thymoma controlled not only thymoma, but also refractory OLP. After systemic chemotherapy for unresectable thymoma, there has been no recurrence of OLP. Survival period is approximately 8 years from surgery of thymoma.

Nasal inflammation may trigger neuropsychiatric disorders such as cognitive impairment and mental diseases, however, the underlying mechanism is not elucidated. To address this question, we have made mouse models of nasal inflammation by administering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intranasally and have analyzed their brain and gut microbiota. In acute time after the intranasal LPS administration, variety of peripheral immune cells infiltrated the olfactory bulb and produced pro-inflammatory cytokines, but these cells disappeared within 72 hours. Repeated LPS intranasal administration induced prominent atrophy of the olfactory bulb, which can recover after nasal inflammation subsided. In addition, we recently found that male mice with chronic nasal inflammation had dysbiosis of gut microbiota, suggesting that nasal inflammation perturbs the balance of the gut-brain axis. On the basis of these data, we aim to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying nasal inflammation-induced neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on the potential pathological changes in the other brain regions than the olfactory bulb, the infiltration and ejection systems of peripheral immune cells that enter the olfactory bulb, and the mechanisms of the perturbation of the balance of gut microbiota by nasal inflammation.