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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E1-E3
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Christophe Grojean
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E4-E23
Published: February 20, 2007
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Particle physics lived a decade of great experimental successes that have strengthened the Standard Model (SM) as a successful description of nature. Yet, these results also concluded that the SM matter only represents about 5% of the energy density of the Universe and therefore they called for a physics beyond the SM, albeit direct evidence for such physics is desperately missing. The sector at the origin of the spontaneous breaking of the SM electroweak symmetry could well provide us with the first hints of this new physics in a detector. The aim of this review is to give a survey of recent approaches that have been proposed to address the dynamics responsible for the breaking of the electroweak symmetry. An extended version of these notes can be found in Ref. [1] along with a complete and detailed bibliography. Due to page limitation, only few references will be given here.
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James Wells
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E24-E34
Published: February 20, 2007
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In order for supersymmetry to be a direct solution to the hierarchy problem, its Higgs mixing μ term should have a value near the weak scale. In these lectures I discuss some of the issues in making this so.
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Abdesslam Arhrib, Kingman Cheung, Tie-Jiun Hou, Kok-Wee Song
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E35-E38
Published: February 20, 2007
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We study the associated production of a very light pseudoscalar Higgs boson with a pair of charginos. The novel signature involves a pair of charged leptons from chargino decays and a pair of photons from the pseudoscalar Higgs boson decay, plus large missing energy at the LHC and ILC. The signal may help us to distinguish the NMSSM from MSSM, provided that the experiment can resolve the two photons from the decay of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson.
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G. Shiu
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E39-E58
Published: February 20, 2007
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String phenomenology is the study of the connection between string theory - our leading candidate for a unified theory of particle physics and gravity - and the observable phenomena of particle physics and cosmology. As such, it provides the means by which ideas of string theory can have an impact on current and upcoming experiments. In these lectures, I will review some recent developments in string phenomenology with an emphasis on flux compactification. Flux compactification has emerged to be a fruitful arena for addressing simultaneously several phenomenological problems in string theory, including moduli stabilization, supersymmetry breaking, and the weak hierarchy problem. Explicit models of flux compactification may also shed light on the statistics of the string theory landscape, and in the construction of realistic early universe cosmology. I will discuss how realistic particle physics models and inflationary scenarios can be constructed in this context, and conversely how experiments can probe the geometry of string compactification.
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Wan-Il Park
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E59-E62
Published: February 20, 2007
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We propose a simple model in which the MSSM plus neutrino mass term (LH_μ)^2 is supplemented by a minimal flaton sector to drive the thermal inflation, and make two crucial assumptions: the flaton vacuum expectation value generates the μ-term of the MSSM and m^2_L+m^2_H_μ<0. We show that our model leads to thermal inflation followed by Affleck-Dine leptogenensis along the LH_μ flat direction.
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Haruhiko Terao
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E63-E66
Published: February 20, 2007
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We consider the so-called little hierarchy problem in the MSSM and quantify the fine tuning required in two typical cases, (i) gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) models, (ii) models with negative stop mass squared below the GUT scale. We also consider GMSB models in which top Yukawa coupling is dynamically induced at TeV scale. It is found that the fine tuning may be remarkably ameliorated.
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Ewan Stewart
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E67-E74
Published: February 20, 2007
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Lectures on the general slow-roll, δΝ and δΝ formalisms for calculating the perturbations produced during inflation.
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Shinji Mukohyama
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E75-E78
Published: February 20, 2007
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Dark energy indicated by the current acceleration of our universe is one of the greatest mysteries in modern cosmology. Although more than 70% of our universe is thought to be dark energy, we do not know what it really is. In this situation, it seems natural to ask whether we can modify gravity at long distances to address the mystery. Ghost condensation is an analog of Higgs mechanism in general relativity, and modifies gravity at long distances without pathologies like ghost instability or strong coupling. In this presentation I discuss gravity and cosmology with ghost condensate.
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S. Baek, J. H. Jeon, C. S. Kim, Chaehyun Yu
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E79-E83
Published: February 20, 2007
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We consider the leptophobic Z' model which can appear naturally in the flipped SU(5) or string-inspired E_6 models. This model can be constrained by measurements of the B → Mvv^^- decays and △m_s. We find that although the latter give much stronger constraints on the coupling than the former, they are complementary to each other.
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Jan Kalinowski
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E84-E106
Published: February 20, 2007
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These lectures cover the status of SUSY searches and current colliders Tevatron and HERA, and prospects for SUSY discoveries and measurements at future colliders LHC and ILC. The problem of reconstructing the underlying theory and SUSY breaking mechanism is also addressed.
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Ken-ichi Okumura
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E107-E110
Published: February 20, 2007
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We propose a new minimal supersymmetric scenario with virtually no fine-tuning in the electroweak symmetry breaking, based on the mirage mediation of supersymmetry breaking which appears as a generic consequence of the string modulus stabilization.
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Yeong Gyun Kim
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E111-E114
Published: February 20, 2007
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We study the phenomenology of neutralino dark matter (DM) in mirage mediation scenario of supersymmetry breaking which results from the moduli stabilization in some string/brane models [1].
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Tetsutaro Higaki
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E115-E117
Published: February 20, 2007
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We study KKLT type models with moduli-mixing superpotential. In several string models, gauge kinetic functions are written as linear combinations of two or more moduli fields. Their gluino condensation generates moduli-mixing superpotential. We assume one of moduli fields is frozen already around the string scale. It is found that Kahler modulus can be stabilized at a realistic value without tuning 3-form fluxes because of gluino condensation on (non-)magnetized D-brane. Furthermore, we do not need to highly tune parameters in order to realize a weak gauge coupling and a large hierarchy between the gravitino mass and the Planck scale, when there exists non-perturbative effects on D3-brane which sits on singular point. SUSY breaking patterns in our models have a rich structure in a context of mirage mediation model.
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Hiroyuki Abe, Yutaka Sakamura
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E118-E121
Published: February 20, 2007
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We reinterpret the Scherk-Schwarz (SS) boundary condition for SU(2)_R in a compactified five-dimensional (5D) Poincare supergravity in terms of the twisted SU(2)_U gauge fixing in 5D conformal supergravity. In such translation, only the compensator hypermultiplet is relevant to the SS twist, and various properties of the SS mechanism can be easily understood. Especially we show the equivalence between the SS twist and boundary constant superpotentials at the full supergravity level.
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Hiroyuki Matsuura
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E122-E125
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Takeshi Araki
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E126-E129
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Anomaly of discrete symmetries can be defined as the Jacobian of the path-integral measure. We assume that an anomalous discrete symmetry at low energy is remnant of an anomaly free discrete symmetry, and that its anomaly is cancelled by the Green-Schwarz (GS) mechanism at a more fundamental scale. If the Kac-Moody levels k_i,- assume nontrivial values, the GS cancellation conditions of anomaly modify the ordinary unification of gauge couplings. This is most welcome, because for a renormalizable model to be realistic any non-abelian family symmetry, which should not be hardly broken at lowenergy, requires multi SU/(2)_L doublet Higgs fields. As an example we consider a recently proposed supersymmetric model with Q_6 family symmetry. In this example, k_2=1, k_3=3 satisfies the GS conditions and the gauge coupling unification appears close to the Planck scale.
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Satoru Kaneko, Hideyuki Sawanaka, Takaya Shingai, Morimitsu Tanimoto, ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E130-E133
Published: February 20, 2007
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The mass matrix forms of quarks and leptons are discussed in theory with permutation flavor symmetry. The structure of scalar potential is analyzed in case that electroweak doublet Higgs fields have non-trivial flavor symmetry charges. We find that realistic forms of mass matrices are obtained dynamically in the vacuum of the theory, where some of Higgs bosons have vanishing expectation values which lead to vanishing elements in quark and lepton mass matrices. An interesting point is that, due to the flavor group structure, the up and down quark mass matrices are automatically made different in the vacuum, which lead to non-vanishing generation mixing. It is also discussed that flavor symmetry is needed to be broken in order not to have too light scalars.
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S.-G Kim, N. Maekawa, A. Matsuzaki, K. Sakurai, T. Yoshikawa
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E134-E137
Published: February 20, 2007
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We analyze lepton flavor violating τ → μγ and μ → eγ processes in SUSY GUT model in which sfermions have special mass spectrum. It is assumed that only third generation sfermions which are contained in 10(Q,U^c,E^c) of SU(5) can have a different mass from the others. This mass spectrum is led from E_6 GUT model with horizontal symmetries. It is shown that branching ratios of τ → μγ and μ → eγ depend strongly on a right-handed stau mass. The weak scale stability requires the light stau, so large decay rates can be expected in this scenario. When the stau mass is around 150 GeV and tanβ〜10, the branching ratios can be larger than Br(τ → μγ) ≃ 10^<-8> and Br(μ → eγ) ≃ 5×10^<-12>, which are within reach of future experiments. In addition, this model has an interesting feature that the final state charged lepton tends to have the right-handed chirality.
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Hiroyuki Abe
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E138-E141
Published: February 20, 2007
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We show some structures of moduli stabilization and supersymmetry breaking caused by gaugino condensations with the gauge couplings depending on two moduli which often appear in the four-dimensional effective theories of superstring compactifications.
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Stefano Scopel
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E142-E145
Published: February 20, 2007
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We analyze leptogenesis in a supersymmetric triplet seesaw scenario that explains the observed neutrino masses, adopting a phenomenological approach where the decay branching ratios of the triplets and the amount of CP-violation in its different decay channels are assumed as free parameters.
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Kentaro Kojima
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E146-E149
Published: February 20, 2007
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We discuss the low-energy phenomenology of generation twisted supersymmetric GUT. To determine the superparticle spectra, we include radiative electroweak symmetry breaking and study the constraints from the flavor violating b → sγ and τ → μγ rare processes and cold dark matter density of the universe. The predictions of the scenario are rather dependent on the flavor structure of Yukawa matrices and modified bottom-tau unification simultaneously consistent with the light scalars and the experimental data of bottom/tau mass ratio and the b → sγ decay.
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S.-G. Kim, N. Maekawa, A. Matsuzaki, K. Sakurai, T. Yoshikawa, A. I. S ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E150-E153
Published: February 20, 2007
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We show that all the parameters which destabilize the weak scale can be taken around the weak scale in the MSSM without conflicting with the SM Higgs boson mass bound set by LEP experiment. The point is if the lightest CP-even Higgs boson h has only a small coupling to Z boson, LEP cannot generate h sufficiently. This time, same bound constrains mass of the heaviest CP-even Higgs boson H. However, it is easy to make H heavy using off-diagonal elements of Higgs mass matrix and consequently smaller stop masses are allowed. This scenario explains two excesses observed at LEP Higgs search. Though all the MSSM Higgs bosons should have the weak scale masses in this scenario, amplitude of b→ sγ induced by charged Higgs can naturally be compensated by chargino if we take natural mass parameters by which the little hierarchy problem can be solved.
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Masako Hayashi, Tomohiro Inagaki, Yoshio Kitadono
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E154-E157
Published: February 20, 2007
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We study the thermal and curvature effect to spontaneous symmetry breaking in φ^4 theory. The effective potential is evaluated in D-dimensional static universe with positive curvature R⨂S^<D-1> or negative curvature R⨂ H^<D-1>. It is shown that temperature and positive curvature suppress the symmetry breaking, while negative curvature enhances it. To consider the back-reaction we numerically solve the gap equation and the Einstein equation simultaneously. The solution gives the relationship between the temperature and the scale factor.
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Jinn-Ouk Gong
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
E158-E161
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We consider the inflation models where the string axions play the role of the inflaton. The simple two-field case is not sufficient to solve many cosmological problems, but with a large enough number of fields we can remove this difficulty. The mass distribution of the fields in this case is of crucial importance for observations and dynamics after inflation.
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages
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