To examine the work load of recent mechanized forestry work, energy expenditure, serum sarcoplasmic enzyme and urinary catecholamine were measured during engagement in the production of trees among twelve lumberjacks. Energy expenditure was relatively high in the works of debranching by a hatchet and hanging trees on carring wire cables. At least, the debranching work by a hatchet must be changed to more safety and lighter works. It was suggested that much more attention must be paid to the physiologic character of forestry work still now on the results of the changing pattern in serum sarcoplasmic enzyme and urinary catecholamine during these working process.

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Utility of heart rate (HR)-oxygen consumption (VO₂) method to estimate energy expenditure (EE) was studied for 5 main apple working days based on 24 hour HR recording and EE by this method partially was compared with RMR (relative metabolic rate) method currently used in Japan. Results were as follows:
1. Heart rate during the apple cultivating work were 90-110 beats per minute, that were ranked with moderate work classified by Rodahl.
2. The values of EE estimated by HR-VO₂ method in every apple working days were almost suited for that of previous reports by RMR method.
3. Comparing EE by HR-VO₂ and RMR method for an example in harvesting work, 2, 654 kcal in former was 376 kcal (16.5%) higher than latter. Correlation coefficient was 0.987 (p<0.001) between both method with EE estimated in every working contents.
4. The intense of activity in a working day from view point of daily activity index (1-EE/basal metabolism) followed the order of harvesting putting sack on≅pluking flower>thinning apple> pruning.
Consequently, estimation of EE by HR-VO₂ method was precisely reflected metabolic state in human by comparison in spite of some defects. After this it was expected to use the HR-VO₂ method instead of RMR method.

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The optimal height of the working table for fruits-sorting in apple orchards was studied from the viewpoint of energy metabolism using model experiment, and actual condition of theapple-sorting table was surveyed. Results:
1. Oxygen consumption per minute increased by the apple sorting work were measured about the seven kinds of table height (from 40 cm to 100 cm). Supposing that the height of the working table subtracted by (stature+height of footwear) is “x” and the oxygen consumption per minute increased by the work is “Y”, the relationship between these two values can be expressed as the following quadratic equation:
y=0.226x²-20.91x+677.1
Thus, it was found that the optimal height for apple sorting table was 46% of the stature including footwear height.
2. The height of the fruits-sorting table used in apple orchards was usually 30-40% of the stature including footwear height of the workers, and this was found to be too low. This seems to have been caused by easygoing and perfunctory attitude or practices to the fruits-sorting work, e. g. to use the wooden boxes for apple as the substitutes for the fruits-sorting table.
3. It is necessary to improve the table and to develop and propagate the better apple-sorting table from ergonomical viewpoint in order to reduce and eliminate the lumbago and fatigue among the workers engaging in the apple-sorting work.

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An epidemic of dermatitis of unknown etiology occurred from May to August, 1983 among the farmers working in paddy fields in Kusatsu city, Shiga prefecture.
The dermatitis was characterized by erythemato-papulo-vesicular eruptions with severe itiching, and localized in legs and arms.
The questionnaire was conducted on 1757 farmers, and 192 of them replied that theysuffered from dermatitis after working in paddy fields with shoes or bare feet. Among the farmers suffering from dermatitis, 58.1 % of them were suspicious of cercarial dermatitis. And the inquiry by the phone made it more affirmative that 90 % of the dermatitis were cercarial dermatitis.
Six patients were serologically examined by indirect fluorescent antibody method using Gigantobilharzia cercariae and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae as antigen. All of them showed high serum titer, and were diagnosed as cercarial dermatitis. Although no cercariae was found from snails in paddy fields of Kusatsu city, Austropeplea ollula, the vector snail for avian schistosome especially for Trichobilharzia was the extremely dominant snail (99.3 %). Trichobilharzia was the most suspicious avian schistosoma as the etiology of this epidemic dermatitis in Kusatsu area.

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We gathered information of both drinking and smoking habits by questionnaires. Objects of our study were 246 male cases around Yanai City. These cases were divided into six groups. The 1st: less than 20 grams of ethyl alcohol daily and less than 10 cigarettes daily (56 cases). The 2nd: 20 grams and less than 10 cigarettes (39 cases). The 3rd: more than 40 grams daily and less than 10 cigarettes (36 cases). The 4th: less than 20 grams and more than 10 cigarettes (36 cases). The 5th: 20 grams and more than 10 cigarettes (23 cases). The 6th: more than 40 grams daily and more than 10 cigarettes (56 cases).
The 1st group was a control group, and was compared among the 4th, 5th and 6th group. Consequently obesity index and serum total protein level were decreased signifiacantly in the 5th and the 6th group. There were no significantly different items in the 4th group. It was thought that both drinking and smoking habits suppressed a nutritional state of a whole body.

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Relationship between serum OCT activity and nutrient intake pattern were investigated in 90 young adults. Applying multiple regression and factor analysis, we found the following results:
1) Multiple regression analysis showed that the variables which correlated best with the serum OCT activity were dietary intakes of the energy, fat and vitamin C.
2) In the factor analysis, no significant correlation was found between serum OCT and food intake pattern.

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