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Volume 44 (1995 - 199･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 769-
- Issue 5 Pages 663-
- Issue 4 Pages 565-
- Issue 3 Pages 188-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 44, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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2. Disorders in OrgansShosui MATSUSHIMA1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 65-73
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf all chronic pesticide poisoning (disorders), this is an attempt to review pulmo-bronchial disorders, hepatic disorders, stomach disorders, blood and hematopoietic disorders, hypertension and vascular disorders, dysbolism and immunological disorders in a clinical and epidemiological perspective.
The pulmo-bronchial disorders consist mostly of those with pneumonic episodes and chronic progressive lung fibrosis. Then there were asthma, chronic bronchitis and degenerated hepatic functions, among others. The prevalence of hepatic disorders was high among persons exposed to pesticides, and they were caused by organochlorine and TCDD. Then there were cases with hepatic cirrhosis because of a continued intake of arsenic, a residue in the wine. When it comes to stomach disorders, some were caused by a sustained exposure to organophosphate and sustained intakes from vegetables. In regard to blood and hematopoietic disorders, many cases with apalastic anemia caused by PCP and other blood diseases were observed. As for vascular disorders, cases with arteriosclerotic episodes by paraquat, whereas cases with porphyria by HCB and hyperlipemia by organochlorine. Then there were cases with immunological abnormalities by organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate.
As many pesticides are mucocutaneously stimulative and allergic in addition to their own toxicity, there is a need to give thought to their compound effects when it comes to disorders to human bodies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1438K) -
Yuichiro KOIZUMI1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 74-79
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForeign matter is often found in the urinary bladder among young patients seeking sexual self-consolaton. The author had long suspected that rural areas have a higher incidence of such cases than urban areas. This was corroborated after a thoroughgoing study of records preserved in our hospital. The findings were presented at the 43rd general meeting of the Japanese Association of Rural Medicine in 1994. The following is a summary of the findings.
A careful check was mede on the medical records of male and female patients between 13 and 25 years old who were treated in the department of urology of our hospital during the past 16 years beginning 1978. There were 14 cases in which foreign bodies were found lodged in the bladder and urethra. Despite the fact that patients visiting our hospital are predominantly city-dwellers, 10 cases out of the 14 were from rural area. By sex, they consisted of 6 males and 4 females. In some of the cases, sexual harassment and bullying were primary causes.
Foreign bodies included a clinical thermometer, pencil-like objects and other things easily available. These things were removed using a cystoscope, except in one case where a polyethylene tube was lodged. In this exceptional case, the object was discharged when olive oil and water were injected into the bladder. As long-term measures to prevent these incidents from happening, further efforts are required to make a rural society open and sound.View full abstractDownload PDF (9119K) -
Toshiki KATSURA, Masami NOJIRI, Masataka NAKANO, Hirotomo ARAI1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 80-88
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFundscopically identified risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and heart disease (HD) were prospectively studied in 2, 112 men and women aged 30-59 who initially had no history of either disease and who lived in the Nishi-izu district of Shizuoka Prefecture.
Baseline medical examinations of the retinal arteries were made in a sample of 2, 112 residents in Nishi-izu Machi and Kamo Mura in 1964-1966 who were followed up until 1985. During the follow-up period, 93 died from CVD and 64 from HD.
Using a case-control study in a cohort study design, fundoscopically identified risk variables (hypertensive or arteriosclerotic changes in ocular fundus: fundoscopic classification by Scheie) were compared between the 157 cases (93 CVD cases and 64 HD cases) at the last health examination before death and 314 control survivors matched for gender, age (±2 years), and residential district. Using the same design, the progression of risk variables for 5±1 years prior to the last examination was followed to identify factors associated with circulatory disease.
From conditional logistic regression analyses using findings of the retinal arteries at the last health examination, significant risk variables for CVD were found to be the narrowing of retinal arteries and increases in reflex, whereas risk variables for HD were arteriovenous crossing (concealment) and increase in reflex.
From the same multivariate analyses using the progression of findings, significant risk variables for CVD were the ingravescence of the narrowing of retinal arteries and progressive increases in reflex, whereas for HD the only risk variables was progressive increases in reflex.
The present study suggested that, in addition to the cross-sectional findings of retinal arteries on a given occasion, the progression of findings through serial health examinations yields useful information for controlling the health of residents.View full abstractDownload PDF (1167K) -
Yoshiaki WATANABE, Masahiro OGAWA, [in Japanese], Hitoshi TANAKA, Hito ...1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 89-92
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince April 1992 we have introduced a beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) inhalation therapy with a large spacer for patients with bronchial asthma who were admitted to the internal medicine department of our hospital because of the exacerbation of asthma.
To find out the effect of this BDP inhalation therapy, we investigated the number of emergency room visits by the patients with bronchial asthma who had been admitted to our hospital with asthmatic attacks before and after the introduction of the new therapy.
From April 1991 to March 1994, the proportion of asthma patients decreased significantly (p<0.05): from April 1991 to March 1992 (before the introduction of the BDP inhalation therapy) 10.4±3.0%; from April 1992 to March 1993 5.3±1.4%, from April 1993 to March 1994 3.7±1.4%.
We checked the inhalation technique of 21 patients who visited our hospital regularly during the same period. The BDP therapy could decrease the number of emergency-room visits by 10 patients whose inhalation technique was imperfect, as well as by the other 11 patients whose inhalation technique was perfect.View full abstractDownload PDF (543K) -
Rikako KOMATSU, Akiko MIURA, Eiko SATO, Sachiko SASAKI, Mariko ANBO, R ...1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 93-98
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany researchers report that cigarette smoking by parents adversely affects their children. We carried out a survey about cigarette puffing by distributing questionnaires to mothers of sucklings and little children. The survey found that mothers and family members were not well aware of the health consequences of passive smoking. It was also found that children frequently exposed to smoking are at high risk of contracting infections of the respiratory tract. The average weight at birth was less in babies borned by smoking mothers than by those who do not smoke. Furthermore, it was revealed that a larger number of smoking mothers had given birth to low birth weight infants than nonsmoking mothers had.
These findings suggested that passive cigarette smoking is linked to low birth weight and respiratory tract infection. We think it is incumbent on us, health-care professionals, to bring home to mothers and the rest of the family members how serious the consequences of passive smoking are.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
Toshimitsu TAYA, Ken-ichi KAWADA, Masanobu MINAMI, Rokurou KOSUGOU, Sh ...1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 99-107
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a series of studies of the workload of lotus growers and their health condition, we checked up on the results of group health screening of lotus growers in comparison with those of other farmers among Tsuchiura agricultural cooperative members in 1992. During that year, we also carried out a time study of lotus cultiration from planting through harvesting. In 1993, we investigated the lifestyle and behavioral pattern of lotus growers. In 1994, an index of cummulative fatigue symptoms was made for lotus growers and loads exerted on their circulatory system were examined.
These studies brought to light hard facts about lotus growing. The farmers have to work in muddy fields laboriously, and for many hours at that, planting in the hottest season and harvesting in the coldest season for many hours. Even when they feel ill, they cannot afford to leave toiling off for their health. We found many signs and symptoms of physical disorder resulting from overwork and peculiar to lotus growing. To improve the working conditions of lotus growing, we recommended the use of the lotus center as a labor saving mode of work so as to facilitate the introduction of power harvesters or the use of greenhouses.
Although there are many socioeconomic issues such as aging of the farming populace, lack of successors and decline in agricultural economy, we will continue to make efforts at health control to protect the health and welfare of farmers by accumulating our knowlege through studies of the state of lotus farming and the health condition of the lotus farmers in other areas as well.View full abstractDownload PDF (5254K) -
Mitsuko TAKANA, Sachiyo FUJITA, Takashi TOMIDOKORO, Kazunori SUGIYAMA1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 108-112
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBetween 1968 and 1992, a total of 174, 632 people were discharged from our hospital, of which 6, 265, or 3.6%, were dead. During the 25-year period, the number of discharges increased by 1.5 times, while the number of deaths by 2.6 times. We looked into, physicians' reports to find out the age, sex and the cause of death of the patients. Age-wise death rates have been on the decline among the younger patients and on the increase among the eledery patients of 60 years and above, during the period under review. Malignant neoplasms accounted for 62.2% of the causes of death. Especially worthy of note was the fact that deaths from lung cancer have increased at an alarmingly fast rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K) -
Taeko KOSHIMAE1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 113-116
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA check on the percentages of attendance age-wise at regular group stomach cancer screening in our town over the past years revealed that a steady increase is noted among the elderly inhabitants 70 years old and above but there are no fluctuations among those between 40 and 69 years old. The rate of first comers is decreasing year after year. And there is a tendency for those who came and got the cancer checkup every year to become regular attendants. The rate of receiving a closer checkup is between 80% and 90%. In other words, 10 to 20% of the people who were advised to undergo a followup examination after primary screening tests do not visit the hospital. Of those people who skipped the closer exam, two persons later got cancer of the stomach.
During the past 10 years, gastric cancer was detected in 18 examinees. The detection ratio was 0.17%, which stands on a par wiht the national average. Half of the 18 gastric cancer cases were diagnosed as progressive cancer. Stomach cancer fatality has been on the decrease in this nation, but on the increase in our town. A total of 93 people have died from stomach cancer in this town during the same period, and most of them had shunned undergoing screening tests for stomach cancer.
As our findings suggest, it is an important task for us to encourage the inhabitants, particularly younger ranks of the community, to participate in the cancer checkup program on a regular basis. Furthermore, the importance of secondary closer examinations must be hammered home to the populace. At the same time, a thorough sytem of early stomach cancer detection from primary screening to closer examinations has to be established and publicized widely.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
Yasuhiko OHNO1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 117-122
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf 27 patients with multiple myeloma treated during a 7-year span, there were 3 with documented carcinomas. The incidence of carcinoma coexistent with myeloma was high. 2 out of three had monoclonal gammopathy undetermined significance respectively, and developed multiple myelomas. One had association of a renal cell cancer with myeloma. In all, carcinomas were removed successufuly and were treated with some combination chemotherapy. There was no recurrence, but one patient developed the third carcinoma (bladder cancer) when a total amount of cyclophosphamide reached 8.8 g, and died of sepsis.
Monoclonal gammopathy was all monoclonal IgG-k immunoglobulin and revealed some decreased CD4/CD8 ratio in peripheral lymphocyes. It was suspected that this decreased CD4/CD8 ratio played very important roles in the pathogenesis of the development in carcinoma associated with multiple myeloma.View full abstractDownload PDF (6720K) -
Yoshihiro KUWABARA, Shigeko UEDA1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 123-128
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLevels of exposure to dichlorvos by farmers were investigated during or after the application of the organophorous insecticide to an apple orchard. One farmer applied 500 g of the pesticide as an active ingredient to the 30-are orchard for 20 min with an airblast sprayer. During the spraying work, a large amount of the chemical fell on his head and arms, but the quantities on his trunk and legs were smaller. The operator's dermal exposure level was estimated at 4.4 mg (=56μg/kg of b. w.), or 0.0009% of the total amount of dichlorvos sprayed. At 1 hr and 6 hrs after application, two other farmers entered the orchard for 30 min. They were expected to be systemically exposed to a small amount of the pesticide residues through contact with apple plants first entry, and their estimated exposure levels were 105 to 120μg (1.8-2.3μg/kg). However, it was found that the apple growers were not exposed to the residues during the subsequent reentry. The residue of 331 ng/cm2 at the initial entry reduced rapidly thereafter and was not detected on the leaves at 2 days after application. Although the mean level of the pesticide in the air was 13.9μg/m3 at 1 hr, it lowered also rapidly and was not found at 1 day after application. It was considered that the workers in the orchard were not affected at 1 day after the spraying of dichlorvos.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Masaki MIKURUBE, Keihachi YONEYAMA, Shinji SASAKI1995 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 129-136
Published: July 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe farmers accident compensation insurance system is on the verge of a crisis. With the ratio of revenue to expenditure being 100 to 131.5, it has become extremely difficult to indemnify the insured or their beneficiaries for bodily injury and death due to accidental means.
This reflects rapid progress in mechanization of farm work and aging of the farming population, which results in an alarming increase in the number of serious accidents. A check on a survey taken by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 1992 reveals that the number of accidents in which farmers were killed while at work amounts to 401 cases. Of this number, 256 cases, or 63.8%, involved persons of 60 years and above, indicating the dead and injured in agricultural accidents are increasing in number among elderly people.
In Kanagawa Prefecture, a total of 446 accidents involving farmers and agricultural machinery have occurred over the past eight years. The average number of days lost by injured persons in the agricultural accidents worked out at 39 days. The average occurrence rate of an agricultural accident per 1, 000 persons came to 14.4, nearly three times as high as the average 5.2 for the rest of industries. A look at the accident occurrence rate in 1993 per 1, 000 persons insured under the workmen's accident compensation insurance system also showed that it was 28.0 for agriculture, compared with 16.5 for construction industry and the average 13.8 for all industries. This clearly indicates that agriculture has been transformed into a type of industry “structurally” in great peril.
Such being the circumstances, it is urgent that bold measures should be taken to inprove the balance between expenditure and revenue in the workers accident compensation insurance that has to do with agriculture. Among the measures we would like to propose here:(1) to promote accident prevention measures and hold in check an outlay for compensation;(2) to increase the number of the insured and garner more premiums;(3) to increase basic premium rates (?);(4) to beef up the secretariat of JA (?); and (5) to establish a safety-first administrative management.View full abstractDownload PDF (959K)
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