We investigated the prevalence of, and factors in, urinary incontinence among the people of middle to advanced age, using a yes/no questionnaire. The total number of respondents was 4, 020 (1, 520 males and 2, 500 females). Seventy-five percent of them were over 65 years old (median age: 67 years). The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 14% for the males and 30% for the females. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests, such as χ² tests. The factors closely associated with urinary incontinence were aging, the high urinary frequency in a day, a history of cerebrovascular accidents, difficulty of urination in the males and UTI in the females. Urinary incontinence of the urge type account for 64% of the males and that of the stress type 81% of the females. Fifteen percent of the males and 6% of the females had consulted with physicians or urologists about urinary incontinence. These percentages were lower than those in European countries. However, we suspect that there may be much more latent patients who suffer from urinary incontinence in their daily community life.

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The relationship between serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and labor strength was examined.
Our epidemiological study showed thar the serum CPK activity in a group of men who worked over ten hours was significantly higher than that in the other groups who worked less than ten hours. In women, the serum CPK activity in a group who worked over seven hours was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The serum CPK activity in fishermen was significantly higher than that in those engaged in other than fishery.
In a laboratory study, test subjects were divided into 3 groups to perform 3 types (30%, 50%, 70% of VO_2max) of exercise for 6 weeks. A rise in the serum CPK activity was noted in every group during exercise. The mean increase for these groups were 44.0 %, 48.1 % and 67.9 %, respectively.

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Patients who need self-injection of insulin are educated beforehand to handle vials and syringes without bacterial contamination. However, not a few of them forget what they were told about the sterile technique during a long period of injection at home. Since 1988 a pen-typesyringe, which is considered to be more potent against bacterial contamination because of its mechanical structure, has become available in Japan. The aim of this study is to detect the percentage of contaminated vials in the patients' home and to compare traditional vials with pen-type vials in terms of potency against contamination. Two hundred eight vials were collected from 168 patients. Four traditional vials out of 163 (2.4 %) and 1 pen-type out of 45 (2.2%) were contaminated. Propionibacterium acnesgrew up from 2 vials, staphylococcus epidermidis from 2 vials and unidentified gram (+) rods from 1 vial. The patients using contaminated vials were from 30 to 65 in their age, enough skillful to handle syringes, good or poor in the control of DM and without disturbed vision. Thus, the contamination may have been derived from their technical deterioration after several years of injection at home. Therefore, re-education to keep their sterile technique should be given to them at appropriate intervals at the out-patient clinic.

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In search of a better primary treatment of acute boric acid poisoning, the adsorption capacity of boric acid onto activated carbon as an antidote was investigated in vitro.
Wide differences in the amount of boric acid adsorbed were recognized depending on individual activated carbons. In order to elucidate the dominant factor in boric acid adsorption, correlations between the properties of activated carbon and the amounts of boric acid adsorbed are discussed. A significant correlation was recognized between the surface pH of activated carbon and the amount of boric acid adsorbed in low equilibrium concentration. It is assumed that the surface pH of activated carbon is a chief factor affecting the amount of boric acid adsorbed.

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The rates of suicide to all deaths, or suicide mortality rates in Japan, observed in time series, show cyclic changes with high and low rates occurring alternately throughout the pre-and post-war periods. The number of suicides correlates to changes in social environment. It was on a high level during the pre-war panic age of rural communities (1932-1933), recorded an extraordinary low value during the Second World War, rose suddenly with the unprecedented prosperity of post-war days, dropped gradually as the Japanese economy was entering a stable, growth period (in the latter half of 1960's), remained at a relatively low rate after that, and went up sharply in 1983 and posed a social problem.
In Japan, suicide mortality is higher in agricultural districts than in urban areas, and is higher among full-time farmers than part-time farmers. In developed countries in the West, it is higher in big cities. This difference is remarkable.
We performed a multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship of suicide mortality and some socio-economic factors using data in 1985 when suicide mortality was still on a high level. The age-adjusted suicide mortality of each prefecture was given as an object variable and the explanatory variables included such socio-economic factors as income index per capita and mobility ratio of each prefecture. Added to these were the number of persons who died of illness and the number of psychotics as indices of desease and psychopathy which could be regarded, as the main motives for committing suicide.
The outcome was that a multiple regression formula with the social economic factors held as an estimator. The two facors, per capita income index and social mobility ratio, were significant explanatory variables, and proved to be important social economic elements concerning the sharp increase in suicide mortality.

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We show two cases of embryonal carcinoma and discuss the results treatment in this paper. Although the progress of this malignant tumor after treatment was not related to the stadium of the progress of disease, it was found related to the amount of serum AFP and to the immaturity of this neoplasm. In view of the latent metastasis, the combination chemotherapy with Cisplatin was deemed necessary. The dose intensity must be kept 1. Also, we considered it necessary to prescribe the medicine to the patients more than 6 cycles.

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