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Volume 45, Issue 6
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Humio TSUNODA1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 740-749
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMy research on rural health began in 1953 when I was involved in a survey of the actual living environment and health conditions of residents where there were no practicing physicians. From the findings of subsequent surveys, I noticed how badly poor living environments in rural areas can affect the health of the residents. In 1962, I engaged in a study of environmental pollution in rural areas caused by industrial development and contributed to significant achievements of mine ; namely, I was the first person in the world to discover that not only does air pollution due to fluoride destroy plants, but also fluoride can accumulate in crops causes fluorosis when ingested by animals and humans. For this work, I received The Kiyoshi Saito Award from the Japan Society of Air Pollution in 1976.
Next, Our research began with occupational health in dairy farming. We were able to establish a labor management system which is acceptable to all dairy farmers. R ecently, I surveyed changes of the physical constitution of pupils in a farming village which occurred over the last 40 years. In the last forty years, in pupils in the rural area, the thorax has flattened, the head has become rounded and the face has elongated. I can only attribute this change to the significant improvement in the diet and living environment of the children in the rural area.
The medical technologies used in my research on rural health were not necessarily advanced ; rather I tried to used an approach which guaranteed the reproducibility of data even if the method was old. I hope my stance toward medical research will be of some help to young member of this society studying rural medicine.View full abstractDownload PDF (5376K) -
Teitaro KITAMURA1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 750-754
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the 20th century, the form of agricultural management was greatly changed in rural areas in Japan. Many farmers became part-time farmers and began to have a side business. With the spread of cars, roads were paved with asphalt and traffic system to local cities was improved, Moreover, living conveniences such as electric installation and telephone were improved and thier living became very convenient. In the 21st century, the time of information will come, including the infrastructural develiopment, and rural areas will have good living conditions with the increase of urban people who intend to live in rural areas. On the other hand, however, environmental issues are coming out.
Thinking of new rural areas, this paper presents rural vision towards the 21st century and proposes medical services based on the vision. Rural vision of ‘Cultural Residence Sphere’ in the 21st century will design the development of rural areas in about 20-30 km sphere as a unit of sphere (this unit is also for that of environmental conservation). In the sphere, resources will cycle and rural environment will be conserved not only by rural people but also by urban people.
Following three proposals will be given for medical services in rural areas.
1) To make systematic medical service in the cultural residence sphere.
2) To make a community center for aged people in each agricultural settlement.
3) To make traveling medical services.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Hiroshi INOUE, Kohei YAMAUCHI, Toshihide NAKADATE, Harumasa ITO, Hikar ...1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 755-759
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFarmer's lung is a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which is manifested mainly as an occupational disease among dairy farmers exposed to organic dusts from moldy hay and compost in silos and lofts. In Europe and America, it has been known for many years. In Japan, it frequently occurs in Hokkaido, Iwate and Hokuriku districts during winter months from November to March. The culprit antigens are spores of actinomycetes thermophilus such as Micropolyspora faeni and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. In recent years, various preventive measures have been taken. For instance, in order to prevent hay from heating by fermentation and the thermophile from thriving, farmers desiccate hay as much as possible and keep it in air-tight plastic containers. The result is a notable decrease in the prevalence rate of this ailment. Nonetheless, with graying the rural population, pulmonary fibrosis caused by chronic exposure to low levels of organic dust is posing a grave health problem in the dairy farming communities. As a prophylactic measure against chronic fibrotic lung disease, there is a need to implement a comprehensive heath control program consisting of continual sanitary checkups at workplace and counseling at an early stage in addition to periodic health examinations. Another health threat which has more recently loomed up in the dairy farming communities is environmental pollution.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Shigeru NOMURA1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 760-773
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigation was made on the characteristics of farmwork and its effects on the health of people who engage in mixed farming (rice growing and dairy farming), cultivation of lotus roots, tulip growing, highland vegetable growing, rush growing, greenhouse cultivation of lotus, green pepper growing, chrysanthemum growing and vineyard management. Based on our findings, we pointed out several problems associated with rural medicine. As for a way of making workload assessment, we proposed a new method for analyzing postures farmers assume while they are working. We also suggested a modification to the cumulative fatigue symptoms index (CFSI) so as to make it suitable for farmers.View full abstractDownload PDF (4112K) -
Hiroji ESAKI1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 774-785
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe looked at health problems in rural areas with high rate of the elderly from the standpoint of the prevention of adult diseases and health care.
Our studies have showed that to prevent circulatory diseases, weight control and cessation of smoking are effective, and that moderate drinking could work as a protective factor.
As for the age-related decrease in the body's ability to process carbohydrates and complications of diabetes among the elderly, their relations with glucose tolerance, and lipidometabolism were investigated in the middle-aged and older groups.
Of the patients undergoing the treatment of chronic renal failure by the “Toride Method, ” 60% showed their renal function remained unchanged. To grasp the actual state of patients receiving dialysis, the physically handicapped persons' certificates they possess should be utilized.
It was found that a combination system of ultrasonography and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry is useful in mass screenings for osteoporosis. A major protective factor for osteoporosis is regular exercise.
In light of the opinions sought from many people regarding the practice for a member of the family to attend on the inpatient at the bedside, terminal care, euthanasia and hospice, we dwelt on the realities of medical care.
We also analyzed the present state of institutional services based on a questionnaire survey of hospitals affiliated with the prefectural welfare federation of agricultural cooperatives and the welfare programs for the elderly made by local governments in order to make clear the area where hospitals and other medical institutions should partake.View full abstractDownload PDF (1361K) -
1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 786-789
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
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1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 790-792
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (330K) -
1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 793-795
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
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Experience in Nishitosa-mura Village, Kochi PrefectureShinji MIYAHARA1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 796-806
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhat is called “health promotion” should be considered in the framework of its rationale rather than its contents.
If emphasis is placed on the contents, the means of health promotion such as increasing the number of persons receiving health checkups or of persons attending health seminars may become the ends in themselves.
By understanding its rationale, we could appreciate the essence of “living more humanely” and reach the counclusion that the end of health promotion is to establish a healthy and affluent society. Health-promoting activities in a community are revitalized through participation of people of the community, and empowerment of inhabitants is achieved through putting into practice what has been gained in health learning. These two factors combine to make for the promotion of health. It is strongly recommended that those involved in public health and medical welfare stand on the same footing as the people of a community in supporting their activities and achieve by learning from them.View full abstractDownload PDF (1328K) -
Yoshihiro SHITARA, Tooru MATSUURA1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 807-813
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom April to December in 1995, we performed vaginal sonography in mass screening examinations, following cervical cytology and internal examination in the northern area of Akita city. Uteri and ovaries were delineated by transvaginal sonography, and an ovary was defined as abnormal if its deameter exceeded 3 cm or if it had a solid morphologic pattern.
An abnormal endometrium was defined as having a thickness of≥1.2cm in postmenopausal women, and≥2.0 cm in premenopausal women.
And another abnormality was detected on uterine echogram.
The total number of examinees who underwent transvaginal sonography were 1, 761, of whom 38 (2.2%) patients were detected to have ovarian abnormalities and 48 (2.7%), uterine abnormalities.
Further examination of the cases of ovarian abnormalities 30 cases of serous ovarian cyst; 1, dermoid cyst; 1, metastatic tumor from primary hepatocarcinoma; and 1, early stage of ovarian cancer.
And also further diagnoses of the uterine diseases confirmed myoma in 30 cases; endometrial hyperplasia, 10; pyometra, 4; and adenomyosis, 4. But there were no malignant endometrial diseases in this group.
Transvaginal sonography was easy to perform, accurately detected very small ovarian tumors, and was well accepted by patients. It seemed that transvaginal sonography is useful in detecting not only ovarial diseases but also endometrial disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (4567K) -
Boon Hooi ONG, Keizo KIMURA, Tomoo TSUBURAYA, Hajime WATANABE, Masato ...1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 814-821
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the past five years, we have experienced 163 cases of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Every year, 60% to 83% of the tuberculous infections were accounted for by pulmonary tuberculosis (124 cases during the period under reviw, or 76% of the total). This was followed by tuberculous pleurisy which represented 7.3% to 24%(27 cases, 16.6%). The treatment most commonly given for the TB patients in our hospital was regimens consisting of isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RFP), ethambutol (EB) and streptomycin (SM). Recently, alternative drugs such as aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and cycloserine (CS) have come to be more frequently employed, because multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis have emerged. Treatment lasted one year to one year and a half in most patients, but the duration showed a tendency to get short.(The average length of time required for treatment decreased from 17.6 months in 1990 to 14.0 months in 1993.) However, the average length of hospital stay did not changed. In 1993-94, sputum smears were positive in 40% of the pulmonary tuberculosis patients on the average, compared with 20% in 1990. To be noted is the fact that M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to INH, RFP, EB and SM at an alarming rate since 1992. As a follow-up, a total of 147 patients were monitored clinically, and one was found to have a relapse (0.7%).View full abstractDownload PDF (1117K) -
Tatsuya HONDO, Kouichi TAKAHASHI, Nobuyuki MORISHIMA, Makoto MUNEMORI, ...1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 822-826
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 32-year-old woman was referred to our hospital during the 35th week of pregnancy because of chest pain and dyspnea. The cesarean section was performed and a healthy infant was delivered. On the 16th hospital day, she developed heart failure. Echocardiograms revealed protrusion of the mitral valve into the left atrium in systole, vegetation and worsening of mitral regurgitation. CT showed splenic infarction. Mitral valve replacement was performed after inflammatory findings were improved by antibiotics. We reported here a case of infective endocarditis during the perinatal period.View full abstractDownload PDF (7874K) -
1997 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 827-839
Published: March 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1689K)
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