Global warming may lead to changes in morbidity and mortality. It directly affects the ecosystem and alters the human hazards such as parasites, pathogens, pesticides and chemical pollutants. The climatic change also affects human health as it brings about changes in air quality and water quality.
The major causes of mortality, such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and respiratory disease are influenced by the environmental factors such as climate and urbanization. In the economically developed countries, these diseases constitute the major cause of death. In temperate regions, the seasonal trends of the mortality of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases indicate a winter maximum and summer minimum. Global warming changes the environmental factors and affect the seasonal trends of these diseases in many countries.
The risk evaluation of heat wave stress, pesticides pollution, air pollution, water pollution, and vectorborne diseases by global warming is necessary.

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Two hundred and four cases of injuries in agricultural accidents that were entered in the insurance documents of agricultural cooperative associations in Ehime prefecture from April 1987 to March 1988 were analyzed. Eighty-three percent were males and 17 % were females. Three cases died from the accidents. Sixty-four percent of the male cases were in their fifties or sixties and 59 % of the female cases were in their forties or fifties. The agricultural machines which were being used when the accidents occurred were bush-cutters (29 %), mounted-type monorails for conveyance (14 %), combine harvesters (10 %), riding-type tractors (9 %), walking-type tractors (5%), etc. These types of agricultural machine reflect the dominance of citrus fruits production characteristic of Ehime prefecture. The annual incidence rate is highest in mounted-type monorails (1.92/1, 000 units), followed by tillers (1.63) and combine harvesters (1.48). The greater part of the accidents happened from May to December, from 9: 00 to 12: 00 and from 14: 00 to 17: 00. The distributions by month and time of occurrence were considered to have a close bearing on the frequency of machine operation. Sundays, Fridays and national holidays had a relatively larger number of accident occurrences. The possible reasons are increased fatigue of operators on weekends and increased amount of farm-work on holidays by part-time farmers who have additional jobs outside farming; however, further studies are needed.

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Between September 1972 and December 1987, 808 gastric cancer patients were treated at our hospital. The male/female ratio was 1.7. Gastric resection was performed on 88% of the patients, while curative resection was performed on 59.2%. The operative mortarity rate was 1.8%.
In patients undergoing surgery, the cumulative 5-year survival rates according to stage were 96.4% for stage 1, 68.6% for stage 2, 48.7% for stage 3 and 4.5% for stage 4.
With the spread of a mass screening, many cases of early gastric cancer have been detected recently. However, the incidence of advance cancer increased with age. This suggests the necessity of encouraging the aged to participate in the mass screening. Though gastrectomy is safety procedure of encouraging the aged to participate in the mass screening. Though gastrectomy is safety procedure in old patients over 75 years of age, its indications should be evaluated taking into consideration the quality of the patient's life.

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We reviewed 338 cases of colorectal cancer treated in our clinic since 1973. On these patients, 62% were aged 60 years or older.
By location, the malignant tumor was found most frequenty in the rectum, followed by the sigmoid colon.
Resection was perforoed in 94.3%, of the patients with curative resection accounted for 68.3%. In the curative resection group the cumulative 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 77% and 65, 9%, respectively.
Early colorectal cancer was detected in only 26 patients. Mass screening for colorectal cancer using occult blood tests of feces had just recently started in our communities. Thus, further efforts to detect early colorectal cancer are needed.

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