In the application of the cutting fluid, the method of injection of a water solution or its aerosol and CO₂ gas with high pressure towards only the tool-work interface from under the tool, is often used. It was reported to be considerably effectual to lower the tool face temperature, accordingly, to long the tool life. In this paper, the influence of cooling on that temperature is analytically studied. The procedure to be followed in the evaluation of the temperature is presented and the cooling effect is compared with that of the usual applying methods through several sample calculations. Lowering of that temperature in this method owes much to its powerful cooling of the work.

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In our last research upon lathes we used steel balls as the presser. In the present studies, ball bearings were used instead of steel balls, and the characteristics of lathes were investigated when the friction between the work and the presser was small.

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The side-flow of metal appearing in so-called orthogonal cutting is observed and its types are classified into four ; that is, flow type, whiskers type, tear type and cavity type. The side-flow phenomenon means the flowing-out of unsteady portion of workpiece. which stagnates near the cutting edge, into the free-spacial sides of workpiece, and is troublesome in point of dimensional accuracy. The quantity of side-flow increases with a decrease of rake angle (including negative values) and with an increase of depth of cut.

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Coincidental result of the analysis with the experiment on the relation between the conditions of impact and the deformation was reported previously.
Influence of friction at the contact surface was considered analytically in this report, and the result was compared with that of the experiment.
The volume (V) of indentation is expressed by coefficient of friction (μ), normal stress (σ) at the contact surface, kinetic energy (1/2mv²) of sphere and diameters (d, D) of indentation and sphere as following;
V=1/σ(1+μd/5D)^-11/2mv²
So far as the indentation is not so large, friction term is negligible.

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