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Volume 41, Issue 481
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 109-112
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3116K) -
Takashi KAMOSHITA, Hiroshi YANO, Kentaro YAMAMOTO1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 113-117
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFile hardness test is popularly used in workshops because of its simplicity and quickness in practical operation, and of its unnecessity of any hardness testing instruments. It is popularly believed that the differential limen at the test is about ±4 HRC or so, but no systematic experiment has been reported. By the aid of sensory tests file hardness test is analysed to obtain the relation between the sensory quantity and HRC hardness scale and the interval scale of file hardness. And the following results are obtained :
(1) Significant correlations are observed between the file hardness and HRC hardness.
(2) The main factor affecting the file hardness test is cutting force of the file to be felt by the hand of the observer.
(3) Applying paired comparisons method, it is confirmed that no significant difference among individuals of the observers is recognized in the test, and the difference limen is about ±1 HRC or so.View full abstractDownload PDF (2954K) -
Theoretical Investigation of Applicability of Equivalent Spherical AsperityJujiro KAGAMI, Kunio YAMADA, Nobuo TAKEDA, Teiji NAOI1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 118-123
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 2nd report, the asperities covering the anisotropic surfaces were assumed to be ellipsoidal at least near their summits. Then the method was derived with which those ellipsoidal asperities were replaced by spherical asperities which were equivalent to the original ones. In this paper, the errors of the number of contact spots nc, the real contact area Ar and the load W, which are caused by the above mentioned replacing, are theoretically analysed.
The main results obtained are as follows:
(1) In the case of contact between flat and rough surfaces, as the ratios k0 of the minor axes to the major ones of ellipsoidal asperities are smaller, those errors of Ar and W are greater. However, the errors of nc are always zero independently of k0.
(2) In the case of contact between two rough surfaces, the relations between k0 and errors of Ar, W and nc are very similar to those of (1). However, those errors are almost independent of the approach between each asperity of contacting surfaces and the difference in size of those asperities.View full abstractDownload PDF (961K) -
Masaji SAWABE1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 124-129
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo estimate an accuracy for the cutting of cylindrical machine parts on lathes, an easy method is developed. A workpiece after cutting process is left on a lathe as it is and two 0.001 mm electronic micrometers are set on the carriage horizontally and opposite to each other, to measure the diameter of the workpiece. The measurements are made at eight or more circumferential positions in five or more cross sections perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece, by rotating the workpiece and moving axially the electronic micrometers. Besides the deviation of the diameter, approximate values of the horizontal deviations of the positions of the moved carriage against the axis of main spindle, of the horizontally radial motions of main spindle and the workpiece and of the bending and the relief of the workpiece can be obtained by arithmetrical adjustments of the readings of the electronic micrometers. A device for performance of the method is made on trial and the accuracy of measurements is estimated not to be exceeded ±0. 002 mm through the experiments on the test bar held in chuck and the turned workpiece.View full abstractDownload PDF (5533K) -
Studies on the Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge (1st Report)Hiroshi FURUKAWA, Isamu KASAMATSU, Kazuo TAKAHASHI1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 130-136
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is about one hundred years since the Bourdon tube was produced by Eugène Bourdon, but the studies on it have scarecely been done. Especially; there is no paper which deals with the research on the effects that the manufacturing processes influence on the accuracy and the quality of the Bourdon tube. The authors investigate the relations between many factors of working and the qualities of products, and after due consideration of the working conditions the 0.04% gauge are manufactured. This paper describes the behavior of the Bourdon tube when the internal pressure varies. The results of the experiments are as follows, (1) the experimental formula of sensitivity; Δr/r_??_0.045 P·r·a3/E·b·t3, here Δr; increment of r when the internal pressure increases, 2a; the width of the cross section, 2b; the height of the cross section, r; the radius of the Bourdon tube, t; the thickness of the wall, E; Young's modulus, (2) the changes of hardness on wall of the Bourdon tube when the alternative pressures repeat are obtained. The fracture the under repeated load is the result of the softening effect of the wall-hardness. And the hardness value that the fracture occurs, is five % under when it is compared with the initial hardness.View full abstractDownload PDF (5979K) -
Iwao HAYASHI, Teru HAYASHI1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 137-141
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was reported a method for measurement of error spectra of transmission error of gears. It is considered to be necessary to know both of the error spectra and its phases in order to express quantitatively a profile of a transmission error and examine a vibration and a noise of gears. This report describes a new method for measuring the error spectra and its phases at a time. On a pair of gears which have a pressure angle error, a transmisson error curve which was composed from the exmerimental results is compared with a theoretical curve. It was shown that phases of each component were measured with approximately sufficient accuracy, and it is possible to express quantitatively a magnitude and a profile of a transmission error of gears.View full abstractDownload PDF (4943K) -
Study on Compatibility of Abrasive Grains with Various Work-materials (4th Report)Tetsuo MATSUO1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 142-147
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe research of the zirconia-alumina grinding wheels has become of major interest lately. However, there are few reports about the wear characteristic of the zirconia-alumina grain or wheel types. In the previous studies we dealt with the wear and micro-chipping of different alumina grain types against several metals. In this research the same wear and chipping tests have been made with four typical zirconia-alumina grain types and two typical alumina grain types, using S 55 C, SKS 31 and SUS 27 steels for work material. Thus, the wear rate, as well as the chipping height and probability, was obtained, and these results were discussed from the results of metal removal and friction measurements or ESM microscopic observation. It was shown that the wear rate was higher in the zirconia-alumina grain types than the alumina grain types when rubbed on carbon or hardened tool steel. But, the completely reverse result is seen when rubbed on the stainless steel. The relative ranking of micro-chipping of the grains is in good agreement with that of the grain toughness, as indicated in previous report.View full abstractDownload PDF (4696K) -
Contact and Friction of Ferrite Single CrystalsKyuichiro TANAKA, Kazuhisa MIYOSHI, Masaharu TSUNEKAWA, Tomokazu MURAY ...1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 148-154
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasurements were made on the indentation and friction of diamond hemispheres with various radii on Mn-Zn ferrite single crystals at a room temperature. Vickers and Knoop indenters were used in the indentation experiments. In the indentation and friction of ferrite, a plastic deformation occurs in ferrite, although the deformation is accompanied with the formation of cracks at higher contact loads. The relationship between diameter of indentation and load is expressed by the empirical formula, known as Meyer's law, where Meyer index takes a value of 2.2-2.0. A similar formula also holds in the case of sliding of hemisphere on ferrite, the index taking a value of 2.3-1.9. The critical load at which cracks are produced in the indentation or frictional track on ferrite is directly proportional to the radius of the diamond hemisphere. The critical loads on the sliding decrease to below half of those on the case of static indentation with same radius of hemisphere. The anisotropy of hardness of ferrite single crystal is fairly small. A little anisotropy of friction is also observed. Although the sliding on (100) plane exhibits a maximum anisotropy with sliding direction, the ratio of the friction in the [011] sliding to that in the [001] sliding is only a value of 1.2. The friction is slightly independent upon the crystallographic planes. It is concluded that the adhesion theory of friction is generally applicable to the frictional mechanism of ferrite single crystal. The relationship between frictional force F and contact load W can be expressed by the equation, F=αWc, where α and c are the constants. The value of index c approaches to unity with the increase of the radius of hemisphere.View full abstractDownload PDF (3899K) -
Studies on the Magnetic Scale (2nd Report)Makoto KAJITANI1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 155-160
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to establish the recording technique in magnetic scales. In this paper, a new theoretical model is proposed to explain quantitatively the mechanism of the magnetic recording process. The model gives the theoretical analysis on the vector magnetization distribution due to the vector magnetic field. It should be noted that the factor used in the model is nothing except two kind of parameters obtained by reproducing 'a single magnetization distribution' which is recorded by an isolated pulse current. The function which represents 'a single magnetization distribution' is derived from the theory based on the model. Furthermore, it is found that the theoretical equation is close to the empirical one given in the first report.View full abstractDownload PDF (948K) -
Kiyoshi ITAO1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 161-167
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTeleprinter typewheel selection and driving system is developed by applying the polydyne cam design method on the actual mechanisms. In the process of the development, the static and dynamic characteristics of the system and the rotational fluctuation of a cam shaft are measured and improved in several times. As a result, it is explained experimentally and theoretically that the residual vibrations are a little larger than that of a linear one-degree-of-freedom system because of nonlinearity such as play of cam follower links, backlash of typewheel shaft and follower system friction. Moreover, on the basis of above-mentioned teleprinter design method, a high speed one is developed, especially by introducing high-speed cam mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (2966K) -
Minoru IZAWA, Shigeru NORITAKE1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 168-174
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are many kinds of rotary machine elements such as flywheel, gear, belt wheel etc., which have some spokes. For such machine elements, the large centrifugal force of the rim acts on each parts of them during rotation, and affects greatly on the strengths and the deformations of them. In this study, the stresses acting on various parts of the rotary machine elements which have some spokes, especially on the fillets of joining portions between rim and spoke, and between spoke and boss, have been analyzed applying the finite element method and the distribution states of such stresses have been measured experimentally using the stress coating method, moreover the appearance of rupture of the elements made of plaster have been observed by means of the instantaneous photographic method. Finally, theoretical results have been compared with experimental results and discussed about the stress concentration of the fillet and the effect of that on the rupture.View full abstractDownload PDF (8180K) -
Effects of Dies and Extrusion TemperaturesMitsugu TOKIZAWA, Kuniaki DOHDA, Kazuo MUROTANI1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 175-180
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method of the direct observation of contact conditions at the tool-metal interface, by means of the special designed extrusion tool which can be easily split along the tool-metal interface, was developed. The following results are obtained:
(1) When the surface asperities of materials that adhered to the die bearing were smooth, fine surface extrusions were obtained. The adhesion aspects are effected by the mechanical finishing conditions of bearing surface, so excellent surface extrusions were got with the die grinded perpendicularly to the extrusion direction.
(2) With the increase of the bearing length, the range of adhesion becomes more wider, so frictional resistance and extrusion pressure increase respectively, in this stage, the surface roughness of extrusions becomes large. While it was about zero (edge shaped), rough surface extrusions were obtained, because the adhesion could be formed in the shape of a broken line on the bearing.
(3) With the increase of the extrusion temperature, the roughness of the extrusions becomes large, the reason of which is that adhered materials to the bearing surface make plastic flow to have long and narrow adhesions.View full abstractDownload PDF (5825K) -
1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 180a
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (194K) -
1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 180b
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (194K) -
Statistical Investigation on Surface Nature of Grinding Wheel (2nd Report)Makoto INOUE, Eiji USUI1975 Volume 41 Issue 481 Pages 181-186
Published: February 05, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOptical methods of measuring effective wheel depth and distribution of effective cutting edges by use of the apparatus, of which constitution was described in the previous paper, are presented. They are measured in dry surface grinding with variations of wheel depth of cut and dressing condition. The effective wheel depth increases not only with wheel depth of cut, but also with dresser feed or sharpness of the dresser point. Near the surface of wheel, there is a decrease of density of the effective cutting edges toward inside, being followed by an almost constant region up to the effective wheel depth. For higher dresser feed, the decrease is not conspicuous and the distribution becomes more uniform. The relation between maximum valley height of ground surface roughness and effective wheel depth is examined based upon the obtained distribution of the effective cutting edges.View full abstractDownload PDF (1230K)
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