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Volume 47, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Possibility of Inference by Fluidity at Normal Temperature for Flow of Plasticity of Mirror-finishingTakeshi SENDO1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 141-146
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is the purpose of this paper to mention that flow of plasticity of mirror-finishing can be experimentally and mechanically inferred from fluidity at normal temperature in drop hammer test, then possibility for size-decreasing and surfaceplaning of the finishing can be introduced by the fluidity. Namely, propriety for method of the experimentation can be mechanically guaranteed, and mechanics shows that the experimentation is more suitable to discover properties of material. The mechanics and the experimentation show that there is the fluidity without fracture within range of some conditions, as one of properties of material. From experimentation of kinetic friction corresponded with method of the experimentation, the range for flow of plasticity at roughness of the surface is relatively and almost equal to that for the fluidity. Then, if surface with a little larger roughness than that of mirror-finished surface is finished within the range relatively equal to that for the fluidity, it is considered that the sizedecreasing and the surface-planing can be done without adhering and plucking.View full abstractDownload PDF (1234K) -
Muneharu MOROZUMI1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 147-153
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with the thread profile of the type-3 milled worm screw thread. The type-3 milled worm screw thread is produced by a cone-shaped milling cutter or grinding wheel with the wheel axis inclined relative to the worm axis by the lead angle on the pitch cylinder. To begin with, the theoretical formulas to calculate the thread profile of the type-3 milled worm screw thread are derived by an analytical method, but these rigorous equations are so complicated that numerical calculations are very troublesome. In order to make practical calculations easier, the approximate formulas to calculate the axial pressure angle at the pitch point and the axial deviation of this curve from the tangent at the pitch point of the axial section profile of this worm screw thread are also derived, and the accuracy of the approximate formulas are numerically estimated comparing their solutions with the exact theoretical ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
Study on the Mechanism of Early FractureTsuyoshi ASAI, Seiji NAKATANI, Akio HARA1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 154-159
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the mechanism of the early fracture of carbide tools, the stress distribution in the tool was calculated by FEM, using the stress distribution on the tool edge which was determined by observing the chip formation with a high-speed camera. The calculated values were compared with the results of actual cutting. The conclusions were as follows : (1) Chip stagnation on the rake face during tool-work engagement makes the maximum tensile stress occur on the rake face at a distance from the cutting edge equal to feed. The direction and position of the cracks observed in the tool corresponded with the above results. (2) Tool-work friction greatly affects the early fracture of carbide tools, during both tool-work engagement and disengagement. And titanium carbides, which have lower friction against plain-carbon steel than tungsten carbides do, experimentally showed better performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1346K) -
Chikara YUSE1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 160-165
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn intermittent paper feed with a stepping motor is used to match the coded signal and the transmission rate in a digital facsimile adopting the redundancy reduction technique. The residual vibration at high speed intermittent paper feed causes scanning line irregularity. This paper describes the relations among response time, residual vibration in the paper feed, scanning timing and scanning line accuracy. The response time and the overshoot changing by load fluctuation on a twodegree-freedom system, which approximates the paper feed mechanism, are discussed. As a result, a small number of steps for an intermittent paper feed enables shortening response time and a large number of steps becomes an advantage for suppressing vibration. Then the relations between paper feed and scanning line accuray and the conditions for decreasing scanning line irregularity are obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Investigation of Applicability of the Function to Constant Pressure Plunge Grinding and HoningTakashi UEDA, Yoshiaki KODAMA, Akira YAMAMOTO1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 166-172
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to investigate applicability and universal validity of the evaluating function, which was derived from the study on constant infeed cylindrical plunge grinding at the previous paper, to other machinings using the same abrasive stones despite differences in fundamental cutting mechanism. This was excuted for two cases of constant pressure plunge grinding and honing, where a carbon steel was cut by A vitrified stones of various grades in grain size and hardness. The critical phenomenon in stone wear, recognized similarly even among these three different process, is proved to be subject in the same way to ruling by the above new function, which is the product of cutting force acting on a cutting grain and its cutting length per second and named the work rate q. In other words, q expresses universally and fairly the severity of cutting conditions, and when q comes up to a characteristic value qc of the stone's own it is conceivable that the critical phenomenon in cutting behavior should equally appear. Further, this critical value qc is shown to be related to the work necessary to scratch off a plain from stone surface. Of course, qc grows larger with increase of grain size and stone hardness.View full abstractDownload PDF (955K) -
A Shape Design Oriented Display UnitMasanori IGOSHI1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 173-178
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen a product is designed in the initial design phase, the designer envisages the whole product from a specified point of view and determines an outline while mentally balancing the function and shape. If a realtime and realistic image of the intended object is obtained during this phase, even if it is not strictly accurate, this image will enhance the quality and productivity of the design. On this assumptions, this paper describes firstly that, for a prompt shape representation, a graphics loop should be separated from the conventional design loop in which a representation is carried out after obtaining a data structure for design and manufacturing, and secondly describes that adding to line pictures, surface pictures are effective for an intuitive grasp of the intended object. Then it points out that a 3-dimensional plane interpolation is effective for hidden line and surface elimination, and it proposes a representation set operation. Finally, it reports on the development of a new shape design oriented display unit and its representation examples.View full abstractDownload PDF (1148K) -
Theoretical Analysis of Thermal Contact Resistance at Plane Joints Making Their Lay Orientations of Asperities Parallel to Each OtherKazuhisa YANAGI, Tadao TSUKADA1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 179-184
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the temperature difference exists between two contact joints, the heat flow is constricted at the interface due to surface asperities and consequently the thermal contact resistance is derived. The research purpose of this study is to forecast theoretically the interface thermal resistance of machined surfaces in contact by clarifying the distribution of junction size and void shape with the consideration of plastic and elastic deformation of contacting asperities. This report is concerned with the plane joints whose lay orientations of asperities are parallel to each other like ground surfaces, which can be ingeniously regarded as two dimensional problem. By analysing the effects of elastic properties of joint material, geometric relation of surface asperities and thermal conductivity of interstitial material, it was revealed that the thermal contact resistance can be determined by standard deviation of surface roughness, contact coefficient and thermal conductivity of interstitial and joint materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
Kazunori NAGASAKA, Fumio HASHIMOTO1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 185-190
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, a tool-life equation is proposed, in which cutting conditions and amount of tool wear are treated as independent variables. The model is constructed so that it fits process of the tool wear which follows three stages, i. e. a rapid initial wear, followed by gradual or little wear and finally very rapid or catastrophic wear. The result of comparison of the established model and others (multiplication model and polynomial model) proves usability of it, with respect to accuracy and applicability to optimize cutting process. And this paper describes the sensitivity analysis of the model, investigating the effect of parameters variation on its accuracy and suggest a convenient technic when putting it to practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (812K) -
Successive Spacing of Cutting Edges related to Surface GenerationToshikatsu NAKAJIMA, Heisaburo NAKAGAWA, Tsuyoshi YANAGIMOTO1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 191-196
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe successive spacing and its distribution of cutting edges related to surface generation are experimentally made clear by analyzing interference grooves on ground surface and correlating the grooves with the position and the shape of cutting edges on the wheel surface. The finished surface is generated with a period of the grinding wheel revolution by a few cutting edges on the wheel surface. The Successive cutting edge spacing distributes widely, following the Gamma Distribution. The successive cutting edge spacing has a close relation to the real interference depth of wheel and is longer than the one determined by analyzing only the wheel surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (1066K) -
Eiji USUI, Katsuhiro MAEKAWA, Takahiro SHIRAKASHI1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 197-203
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith aid of digital computer, a simulation analysis of built-up edge formation and high speed' cutting process of low cabon steel is carried out by using the finite element method in conjunction with the friction characteristic on the tool face and the flow property of low carbon steel, which was obtained from an impact material test in the previous paper. As a result of the analysis, the importance of the blue-brittle phenomenon, which accelerates the formation of the stagnant secondary flow along the tool face, is specially emphasized to the formation of built-up edge. At the boundary between the developed stagnant flow and the main body of chip, there exist high strain concentration, low hydrostatic stress, and the blue-brittle temperature, which are all favourable to the separation of the flow as built-up edge. It is further found that this situation appears only in the limited range of cutting speed and does not appear at higher cutting speeds since the stagnant flow degenerates due to the thermal softening.View full abstractDownload PDF (1204K) -
Yuji FURUKAWA, Masahiro MIZUKANE, Susumu SHIOZAKI, Hiroharu IIDA, Mako ...1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 204-210
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrodynamic slideway, which is often adopted for machine tools, usually possesses a large friction and induces a lost motion (backlash), hence the positioning and contouring accuracies are decreased. These defects can be overcome if the hydrostatic slide way is adopted, but it is inevitable that the stiffness along the feed direction will become low and the manufacturing cost will increase. The authors have revealed that a proper amount of solid friction should work between the sliding faces in order to satisfy both the accuracy and the stiffness, and it is very important from the point of consistency of performance that the amount of the above frictional force does not vary with an applied vertical load and a given feed rate. The present paper uses the Half-floating Slideway which has a composite property between the hydrodynamic and the hydrostatic slideways. Air is supplied as a lubricant, hence a variation of hydrodynamic effect with the feed can be avoided. Furthermore, a load compensation mechanism which changes supply pressure automatically corresponding to the variation of the vertical load is provided. The principle and the design procedure of these slideways are reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (1117K) -
Kuniko INOUE, Tsunenori HONDA, Hidehiko TAKEYAMA1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 211-217
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBecause not only numerous data but also relationships between them are processed in a software for automating technological determination in machining, a rational data structure has to be designed. For that purpose, characteristics of data handled in a software for lathe operations have been studied. The criteria for designing the data structure have been set up so that it may be convenient for the development, utilization and maintenance of the system. A 'simplified ring structure' based on linked allocations has been designed and applied to MELTS data structure. Being compared with the data structures utilizing arrays of FORTRAN and ASP respectively, the simplified ring structure is superior to the structures above mentioned from viewpoints of memory area, operations, etc.View full abstractDownload PDF (1215K) -
Takashi NOMURA, Kazuo YOSHIKAWA1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 218-222
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents two new methods for generating depth contours which are obtained by improvement of the two-beam interference method. These methods can be changed the sectional plane by contours and the distance between contours, and the procedure is simple. The contour fringes by the, first method are distinct and projected on an object by tilting the object and the illuminating parallel light between the exposures of doubleexposure holography. The fringes by the second method are formed by tilting the illuminating and the reference parallel light. The second method is able to examine simply by ready-made optical elements. The distance between contours by the former method is from 5 to 0.1 mm, and by the latter is from 5 to 0.2 mm.View full abstractDownload PDF (1153K) -
Non-cutting Testing Method of Tool Toughness (2nd Report)Masatoshi HIRAO, Ryoji MURATA, Hidehiko TAKEYAMA1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 223-227
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChipping of cutting tool is one of the most serious problems in manufacturing. Reflecting such situation a testing method of toughness of cutting edge has been developed. The 1st report revealed that this method is valid for estimating tool toughness against chipping observed at the initial stage of cutting. The Weibull plot of the relation between cumulative probability of chipping and impact frequency generally becomes linear and the mean impact frequency is affected by the impact energy. The present report have examined the effect of impact angle and the hardness of work material on tool toughness. The effect of chamfer of cutting edge, which can not be detected by other toughness testing methods, and the effects of slight differences of cobalt component and sintering condition of carbide tool can be sensitively detected by the newly developed toughness testing method.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
Fundamental Characteristics of Vertical ConveyanceKiyoshi MINATO, Toshio TESHIMA1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 228-233
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain the information concerning the fundamental nature of pneumatic transport of chips in a vertical tube, pressure drops are measured for various air velocities, shapes or sizes of chips and the weight ratios (m) of the air and chips transported. The obtained results are summarized as follows : The air velocity at minimum pressure drop is low for the chip which has the small value of the minimum pressure drop and also the large projected area per unit weight. The ratio (α) of pressure drop for the case in which the air is conveying chips to that for the case in which the air is flowing without chips increases as the air velocity decreases. The ratio (α) also increases with increasing of the weight ratio (m), and the relation between a and m is approximately expressed by
α=1+K·m
where K is constant.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Shinichi MIYAZAWA, Koji TAKADA1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 234-239
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report introduces the geometrical surface roughness and experimental identification of the factors which produce deviation from the geometrical roughness in micro milling of three-dimensional surface. The geometrical roughness is given as a function of feed, pick feed, radius of tool and radii of work surface in the direction of feed and pick feed, respectively. However, actual surface roughness is usually much larger than the geometrical roughness. The experimental analysis has verified that the causes of deviation from the geometrical roughness are metal adhesion to the cutting edges and fluctuation of position of tool, and in particular the latter amplitude limits the surface roughness attainable.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 240-243
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (559K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 244-250
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1178K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1981 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 251-253
Published: February 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (572K)
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