Inasmuch as the friction on tool face in metal machining is caused by the rub with the chip which has been plastically strained and heated in the shear zone, the strength of chip material along tool face during machining must be essential for better understanding of the friction characteristics.
By introducing the maximum shear stress (τ
e) of the chip along tool face during machining, which is affected by the strain, strain rate, strain rate history and temperature, the following non-dimensional expression of the friction characteristics is obtained
τ
t/τ
e=1-exp(-
Kσ
t/τ
e)
where τ
t, σ
t are frictional and normal stresses on tool face and
K is a constant which is uniquely determined by the combination of tool and work materials.
In two dimensional dry cutting of a-brass with a variation of tool material, rake angle, cutting speed and depth of cut, the above equation is verified and
K is determined as a single value for tool material, however, the value of K for cutting aluminum shows a little tendency of temperature dependence.
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