This paper describes the relation between printer mechanical stacking characteristics and paper physical properties. The main results of this paper are shown as follows: (1) In paper stacking, main factor of paper inclined phenomena are paper fiber orientation angle and moisture content change. (2) The sonic method using sound-wave propagation is effective for the measuring method of paperfiber orientation angle. (3) By using geometric method, the paper inclined 'value is analyzed. The paper inclined value is proportional to the paper fiber orientation angle, moisture content change and heat contraction ratio. (4) By the above mentioned results, the most optimum distribution is designed between mechanical stacking characteristic specification and paper physical property value.

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In this study a vibratory multi-blade cutting method based on the conventional method was developed. Hard and brittle materials such as ceramics and rock crystal can be sliced to produce units of same shape in quantity by this method. Machining characteristics and accuracy of this method were studied, and the following results have become clear. (1) Not only the vibratory method can produce high machining efficiency as compared with the conventional method, but also it can produce machining efficiency which is approximately constant when the stroke length is larger than thewidth of the workpiece. (2) In this experiment, the increase in machining efficiency using the vibratory method is proportional to the second powerof the amplitude and to the 1.2th-1.4th power the combined mean velocity. (3) The width and depth of the cutting gaps are maintained within ±10μm in the same manner as in the conventional method, if working pressure is less than about 0.3MPa. (4) The amount of material removed is proportional to the wear amount of the blades in both the conventional and vibratory methods. (5) No chipping and cracking were observed on the edge of the machined surface in the vibratory method.

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This paper deals with to make clear the mechanical properties such as apparent axial modulus of elasticity and strength, of the adhesive bonded butt joints of tubular type. Theoretical results on the apparent axial modulus calculated with the extended G. H. Lindsey's method, are compared to the results in experimental tensile tests of butt joints bonded with epoxy-polyamide adhesive. It is shown both in theoretical calculation and experiment that the apparent axial modulus of elasticity of joint fairly increases along with the increase of thickness of adhesive layer for the large Poisson's ratio. However, the modulus measured in the experimental test does not always coincide with the theoretical results as far as the thickness of adhesive layer is kept extremely thinner, because of the increase of unhomogeneity of the adhesive layer. Concerning of joint strength, joint fracture is brought when the strain in an adhesive layer that is comparatively thick, attains to a constant level. And the maximum shear stress in it also increases with the increase of adhesive layer.

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This paper describes theoretical and experimental studies on the sound field around a vibrating rectangular solid enclosure. In the computation, it is assumed that the effects of diffraction and reflection of sound can be neglected, and that the vibration of each plate of the enclosure can be expressed approximately by using the normal function of a rectangular plate with simple support along all edges or the composite normal function by the product of those of two clamped beams perpendicularly intersecting each other. The sound pressurelevel distribution has been measured in more detail with the sound visualizing device built as a trial. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The diffraction effect is small in the field near each surface of the enclosure and the computation can be applied to a plate in the first mode vibration but not in the higher mode vibration. (2) The composite normal function holds to a fairly good approximation and experimental values agree well with computed results. (3) The state of a sound field like sound pressure level distribution can be grasped in detail by the sound visualizing method.

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In creep feed grinding the grinding force and its distribution on the contact face between wheel and workpiece is discussed theoretically. The conditions for the occurrence of grinding burn in up cut grinding is analyzed according to the relation of an out-flow and an inflow of the grinding heat energy at the end of contact face. From the results, the effects of operating parameters on the occurrence of grinding burn are investigated theoretically and verified experimentally. The following phenomena in creep feed grinding are clarified. (1) The difference between up cut grinding and down cut grinding has larger influence on horizontal grinding force thanvertical grinding force, and the horizontal grinding force in down cut grinding is remarkably smaller than it in up cut grinding. (2) The maximum grinding energy flux at the end of contact face when grinding burn begins to occur varies with chip volume and the time that grinding wheel require to pass contact face. (3) The critical wheel speed without grinding burn is determined by wheel depth, work speed and percent wear flat area of grinding wheel, but it is not under the influence of grinding width. (4) To avoid grinding burn in no case of changing wheel depth and work speed, wheel speed less than a few hundred meters a minute is effective. In the case of the precision dressing remarkable reduction of wheel speed is recommended.

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In this paper, material damping and interface damping were analyzed about two elements model, this is, coupling model as the fundamental study to construct the mathematical model for the damping of machine structure and the procedure forestimating damping was discussed. Therefore, the damping at the interface of joint, especially, the damping on the condition where the interface was almost sticked was considered. As the result, the material damping of coupling model, the slip damping at the interface between the upper part and lower part of coupling and slip damping at the contact surface between the sphere and the flat plate were calculated and the calculated values were confirmed by experiment.

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In this paper, a new cutting tool named “driha” is introduced. The tool can perform smoothly both drilling and cutting out of architectural sheet materials, especially board materials such as plywood and aluminum board by hand work. In order to clarify the cutting mechanism of the tool, thecutting resistance variation of driha is measured accurately and compared with the groove cutting process by endmill. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Cutting resistance variation of driha is quite different from that of endmill. (2) The cutting resistance characteristics of driha depend strongly on the length of cylindrical land.

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In this paper, the relationships are considered theoretically between the pressure distribution of he bolt head bearing surface and of the joint nterface. And the desired pressure distribution of the bolt head bearing surface from the view point of the interface pressure distribution and the new half angle of the pressure cone to estimate more accurately the effective area of the connecting force are considered. The following results are found. (1) The interface pressure distribution is improved by expanding or moving the pressure distribution f the bolt head bearing surface to the outsideof the bolt head. (2) The pressure distribution of the bearing surface is affected scarcely by the plate thickness. (3) The effective area of the connecting force D_p can be expressed uniformly as the following equation by introducing the new half angle of the pressure cone θ<SUBeq</SUB whose cardinal point is the equivalent pressure effective diameter of the bearing surface d_eq. D_p=d_eq+2T tan θ_eq. (4) d_eq is influenced by the bolt head size, the undercutting diameter of the bearing surface and the material combination of the joint elements. (5) θ<SUBeq</SUB depends upon only the ratio of the plate to the base in Young's modulus.

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By a statistical approach razor blade method (measuring method of wheel surface topography) is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Results are summarized as follows: (1) The number of effective cutting edges measured by razor blade method is the number of the total effective cutting edges.(2) The density of the total effective cutting edges measured by razor blade method is calculated theoretically. (3) The width of razor blade must be set up so as to satisfy the condition that the averaged number of effective cutting edges simultaneously cut the razor blade is less than 1. (4) The experimental density of the total effective cutting edges is somewhat less than the theoretical one.

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Synthetic wavelength method is described for determining long lengths with a high accuracy and efficiency. The synthetic wavelengths, 84.2μm and 464μm, are produced by squaring and filtering the interference fringes derived from a two-wavelength simultaneous interferometer whose light sources are a 3.51- and 3.37-μm He-Xe laser and a 3.39-μm He-Ne laser. As concerns accuracies required in measuring long lengths, this method is discussed to be more useful than the method of excess fractions well known in length measurement. Several techniques also are given for measuring lengths accurately. Using the two-beam infrared interferometer, gauges of 0.8- and 3-m long were measured over several months. The standard deviation of the measured phase of the 84.2-μm signal was less than 2π/100 and that of the 464-μm signal less than 2π/50. These results are enough to uniquely determine lengths up to 5 m with an accuracy of 1×10^-7.

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On an application of staircase method with small number of sample to the thread-loosening test which is characterized by a three-level judgment, a theoretical study and an experimental examination are made. The purpose of this paper is to aim at an improvement of the evaluation method of the locking performances of test specimens. Analyzing the distributions, the biases and the variances on the estimated values of locking performances, the features of this method are made clear and a working guide of test is induced concerning the starting value and the step width of the evaluation factor and the sample size. On the case of the transverse vibration type thread-loosening test, one rule of the judgments on loosening is suggested and the usefullness of this method is shown through the experiments. Besides, the influences of test conditions, especially the running speed and the lubricant, being examined to a certain extent, some matters to be taken notice are pointed out.

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Changing process of surface roughness during cylindrical plunge grinding was measured by using the in-process roughness sensor developed by authors. The time required for that the surface roughness becomes constant in one grinding cycle was obtained for various kinds of grinding conditions. It was confirmed through the experiment that the changing process of surface roughness was closely related to the changing process of workpiece radius. The result obtained in this study is very useful to rationally determine the cylindrical grinding cycle.

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This paper describes the development of a programming system for automatic measurement by use of NC three coordinate measuring machines based on a part model in a computer. A part model is the set of organized data which describe the features of a machine part such as geometry, dimensions and so on. An operator provides a set of instructions for measurements with the system in the programming language developed in the study. Each instruction to be given contains the information about geometric elements to be measured anda measuring item such as distance, angle, diameter and so on. In the language the geometric elements such as faces and holes can be specified by the unique name attached to the part model. Utilizing the part model, the system processes the provided instructions and automatically determines measuring positions and the probe movements to carry out the requested measurements. The system has the ability to detect collisions between the probe and the part during measurements and to generate other probe movements to avoid them. Some experimental measurements and the data processing were carried out to prove the effectiveness of the programming and measuring system.

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A theoretical model is presented for the onset of the vibration in the plunge-cut cylindrical grinding that generates vibration marks on the finished surface appearing parallel to the workpiece axis. In addition to the well understood regenerative effects, the theory takes into account the contact stiffnessof those abrasive grains on the wheel surface that do not cut but only rub against the workpiece surface, and the dynamic force variation that occurs in the grinding process synchronized with the revolution of the grinding wheel. Validity of the theoretical model is supported by the shop floor practice and by the grinding experiment carried out in this study.

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When compared with an usual Michelson interferometer, the laser interferometer in this study has an advantage of the good stability of a displayed value because the prisms in the interferometer make a pair of them and the optical paths are arranged symmetrically. In this study it isclarified with the theoretical analyses and experimental results that the stability is better by about 10 times than the Michelson interferometer. The reliability of a measured value of length has also been checked, comparing the value with the result obtained by a commercial type of ×10 extender device.

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The purpose of this study is to devise a suitable method of the rendering for better man-machine communication in the manipulation of pictures by computers with this method, one can easily get an impression of 3-D shapes by pictures. In this paper, the followings are studied: (1) A classification of the pattern for directly rendering the shade of curved surfaces, (2) an investigation of techniques for easy creation of halftone pictures with computers, (3) a creation of softwares for displaying animpression of curved surfaces with shaded patterns. The following results are obtained: (1) This method, which interactively creates pictures by an emphasis and/or an omission of characters of shapes, is a good method that is helpful in getting the impression of curved surfaces. (2) The classification of patterns to show the difference of shapes is established. (3) The software is available not only for representing the characters of shapes but also for producing some pictures for a poster and so on.

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