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Volume 45, Issue 533
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Masataka NAKAGOME, Masao MIZUNO1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 529-535
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the effects of the clamping force and the pre-clamping force on the fatigue strength of bolt-connection. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The types of load-deflection diagrams of bolt-connection with the clamping force were classified into cross-type and un-cross-type.
(2) And also, theoretical expressions of the optimum clamping force and the pre-clamping force were inducted to the both types of the diagrams.
(3) The theoretical values of the optimum clamping force nearly fitted to the experimental values.
(4) The experimental values of the fatigue limits on the optimum clamping force for the M 5 bolt of bolt-connection increased about 40% against the conventional value, at mean stress σm = 30 kg/mm2.
(5) The effects of the pre-clamping force on the bolt-connection were inducted with the improvements on the compressive residual stress in bolt-connection and the optimum clamping force.View full abstractDownload PDF (1155K) -
Sigeki OKUYAMA, Suehisa KAWAMURA1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 536-541
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn grinding, surface layer of a workpiece is highly heated in the interference zone between a grinding wheel and the workpiece. Therefore, the workpiece expands with heat around the grinding point. In this paper, theoretical equations of the temperature distribution and the local thermal expansion are obtained by applying Jaeger's heat transfer theory involving a moving heat source. Furthermore the new method to measure the local thermal expansion is proposed. Consequentry, the theoretical and the experimental results of the thermal expansion are in fairly good agreement, and the derived local thermal expansion has significant effect on the contour of the interference zone and the grinding accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1306K) -
Rolling Friction of Virginal SurfacesHiroyuki ISHIGAKI, Itaru KAWAGUCHI1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 542-547
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deformations of asperities and bulk materials in rolling contact between sphere and virginal plane which has directional rough surface are analysed theoretically. Then, the rolling friction which is generated from hysteresis loss during the plastic deformation of contacting asperities is analysed theoretically. The following problems were clarified by the numerical results and experimental results:
(1) The elastic recovery of the contacting asperities gives the large influence on the decrease of rolling friction.
(2) In the case of light load, the experimental results of the rolling friction coincide with the theoretical results and the rolling friction is proportional to load W.
(3) In the case of high load, the surface roughness gives little influence on the rolling friction. In this case, the rolling friction is proportional to W7/4.
(4) These transitions of the power of W can be explained with the occurrence of plastic deformation of bulk materials. These critical loads almost agree with the theoretical values.View full abstractDownload PDF (1132K) -
Hiroshi YANO, Ryuichi HANAMORI, Hikaru TOYODA, Mitsumasa HIGUCHI1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 548-553
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quality level of the molding is defined as a moldability and the experimental method of evaluation is investigated. A dynamic SN ratio which is obtained by the next formura is using as an index of evaluation.
SN ratio=Input for varying an objective character/Error variance not correspond to the input in an objective character
After the experimental method is decided, the products are molded by the two kinds of molds. Some of the adequancy of evaluation in the results of analysis for the characteristic value of products are as follows: (1) It is able to evaluate the injection molding clearly by the experimental method using the conception of the dynamic SN ratio. (2) The difficulties of molding, those are the ununiformity of molding between cavities, the difference of molding between the direction of draw and that of closing, and the difference of the gate position, are indicated quantitatively. (3) In the moldability of direction of draw, the closedloop control is better than the open-loop one. (4) The moldability is concerned with SN ratio of auxiliary character in the pressure profile caused by the fusion resin in the cavity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1375K) -
Research on Adaptive Control of High Efficiency Cylindrical Plunge Grinding (4th Report)Tetsuya SUTO, Toshio SATA1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 554-559
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simulation model for estimating the wheel surface condition, the grinding power and the surface roughness in a grinding process has been developed based on the behaviors of active grains. When the grain size, grade and peripheral speed of the grinding wheel, the feed and depth of the dresser, the ratio of wheel to workpiece speed, the wheel depth of cut, and the measuring interval are input to the mini-computer through the teletypewriter in a conversation mode, the results of the dressing are output, then the number, total and average lengths of the wear land of active grains are output after the computation of the survival and newly exposed cutting edges and the wear speed of active grains, and finally the grinding power and the surface roughness estimated according to the wheel surface condition and the wheel depth of cut. The model includes about 35 equations, 60 coefficients and constants, and the computer program about 400 lines in the FORTRAN-4 language.View full abstractDownload PDF (1302K) -
Optical Linear Reference by Laser BeamKoji TAKADA, Hidehiko TAKEYAMA1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 560-566
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper describes the principle of newly developed optical linear reference system, by which the motion accuracy of machine tool such as parallelism and straightness can be detected by a moiré sensor mounted on a moving body, and discusses various factors which affect the accuracy and stability of the reference system. This study is one part of the serial investigations to assure the working accuracy with machine tools through control technology, in which the motion along each axis is accurately controlled in reference to a coordinate system established by laser beams independent of the machine tool structure. The optical linear reference dealt with in this paper is the most essential element of the independent coordinates. The experiments with the prototyped system mounted on a lathe have indicated that the resolution and accuracy for detecting the error motion of tool travel in the Z direction are 1. 5 μm and ±3 μm, respectively, and the detecting stability is also satisfactory to such an extent that the change of motion accuracy in the Z direction caused by the thermal deformation of machine tool structure can be detected or controlled for approximately 6. 5 hours. The resolution and accuracy of the linear reference will be improved to a large extent by refining the sensing and data processing systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (4747K) -
Jiro OTSUKA, Fumitaro SEKINE1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 567-572
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the development of NC machine tools, the accurate measurement can be highly desired for errors of pitch and of drunkenness on leadscrews. In connection with these, it is necessary to have a practical usage for measuring the drunkenness of screws with high, accuracy. This study gives a comprehensive description of the drunkenness tester for leadscrews used mainly for the machine tools and the length measuring machines which are planned conveniently under new design. The characteristics of the tester are as follows:
(1) It has the simplicity to measure the drunkenness of leadscrews.
(2) It can be measured with high accuracy within 1 μm difference.
(3) Whatever the size of leadscrews it may be, drunkenness can be measured without using any master.View full abstractDownload PDF (1731K) -
Variation of Rolling Force due to Surface RoughnessYoshio ISHIKAWA, Minoru SUDA1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 573-578
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report is a study of the rolling friction between a steel ball and two flat steel plates having various surface roughnesses. The results obtained are as follows.
(1) With repeated traversals on the same track, the plastic peformation gradually comes to saturated, and the equilibrium state is reached, then the deformation becomes primarily elastic. In both stages of the rolling process, large variations of the rolling force occur which are due to the surface roughness and irregularities, but these magnitudes of the variation are almost the same.
(2) The values of the pure rolling force during the course of rolling on the flat plates are held constant independently of surface roughness.
(3) The coefficient of the pure rolling force is of the order of 10-5, and this value is equivalent to the force for a ball rolling upgrade less than 0. 01°angle, and rolling on the smoother surface than 0. 02 μm Ra roughness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1207K) -
Fukuo HASHIMOTO, Noboru SUZUKI, Masahiro OHTSU, Yoshitake KATO, Masaka ...1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 579-584
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCenterless grinding does not give multiple diameter workpieces the finishing accuracy so good as that of straight cylindrical products, presumably because of the rotational motion peculiar to multiple diameter workpieces. The present paper theoretically analyses rotational motion of differently shaped two diameter workpieces under various grinding conditions, and concludes that their motion follows a rule determined by their shape coefficient κ and grinding force f. The analysis is then found adequate through experiments. These relations are represented on an f-κ diagram which gives: (1) grinding forces required to initiate workpiece rotation, (2) ranges of grinding force that causes workpieces to rotate without slipping on the regulating wheel at the larger or smaller diameter portion, and (3) minimum grinding forces that make workpiece rotation uncontrollable. This diagram will help determine grinding conditions and design of product shape. It is further noted that the diagram indicates neatly the critical value of κ where workpiece rotation easily gets out of control. This discovery has a significant bearing on safety problems. The above analysis also quantitatively relates grinding conditions with how easily a workpiece rotates by introducing a self-rotation coefficient. This is an expression of a major factor to obtain high finishing accuracy in centerless grinding.View full abstractDownload PDF (1336K) -
Influence of Workpiece TemperatureNoboru UEDA, Tetsuo MATSUO, Tomoichiro ABE1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 585-591
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWorkpiece temperature is thought to have a significant influence on the deformation mechanism in chip formation during machining metals. So, in this study, the sub-zero and high temperature cutting experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of workpiece temperature on the morphology and the forming ranges of saw-toothed chip. Besides of the SUS 304 steel and the titanium used in the previous study, in the present study, the cutting experiment was also persuaded on the 0. 2% C steel which hardly generates the saw-toothed chip on being cut. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The forming ranges of saw-toothed chip when machining the 0. 2% C steel becomes larger with increasing workpiece temperature, and on the contrary, when the SUS 304 steel is machined the range becomes smaller, and it does not change in the case of the titanium.
(2) When machining the 0. 2% C steel, the pitch of shear zones decreases with increasing workpiece temperature, but it increases when machining the SUS 304 steel or the titanium.
(3) The distance of slips when machining the 0. 2% C steel decreases with the increase in workpiece temperature up to 200°C, and then, increases with temperature up to 600°C. When machining the SUS 304 steel or the titanium, it does not have a definite tendency.View full abstractDownload PDF (1722K) -
Heiichi HIROTA, Shigenobu SUZUKI, Noboru SHINOZAKI1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 592-598
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the relation between tool-work thermo-electromotive force (E. M. F.) and the condition of chip flow out, vibration of a tool or work, cutting force and chip shearing frequency are discussed. As the fluctuating amplitude of E. M. F. is generally small below 1 mV, it is necessary to improve the electric circuit of a thermo-couple and also to increase S/N ratio, in order to measure it precisely. Experiment is performed using spectrum analysis technique, self-correlation and cross-correlation technique. The results obtained are as follows.
(1) It is possible to recognize the states of chip formation by analyzing a wave form of E. M. F.
(2) As E. M. F. includes the information of shearing period and vibration frequency of a tool or work, it can be utilized as a way of analysis of the metal cutting process or a pickup sensor of vibration.
(3) E. M. F. easily follows the cutting phenomenon in the range of ultra-sonic frequency.View full abstractDownload PDF (1649K) -
Susumu SHIOZAKI, Yuji FURUKAWA, Susumu OHISHI1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 599-606
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper aims to reveal the difference in grinding mechanism between up- and down-cut creep feed grindings. According to the experiments, both the normal and tangential components of mean grinding force have always become larger in up-cut than in down-cut under the usual creep feed grinding conditions, and the difference has become 1. 7 times at maximum. It was found from the force measurements on a single grain that its normal to tangential ratio remained constant at about 2.5 throughout a grain-workpiece engagement in down-cut, but it became up to about 7 at the beginning of engagement in up-cut, which implies much occurrences of rubbing and/or plowing, hence leading to a larger grinding force. Then it is introduced that this mean grinding force at down-cut can be estimated quantitatively from the conventional grinding force data.View full abstractDownload PDF (1809K) -
Investigation into Metal Removing Mechanism by Abrasive GritYoshihiro KITA, Mamoru IDO, Yoshihide TSUJI1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 607-612
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the effect of the cutting velocity magnified up to a actual range and a simulated tool in the shape of square pyramid on the mechanism of chip formation in a single grit grinding was practiced. Cutting action was arrested by a quick-stop device. The behavior of material in front of tool face during cutting was observed minutely on the cross-section along the cutting direction of a groove. In addition, these present results were compared with previous ones used a single grit simulated conical tool. A stagnating region beneath the tool face was found, it served as a kind of tool, and was apt to form the chip. It was clear that the stagnating region formed by a simulated square pyramid tool was more extensive than that made by a simulated conical tool.View full abstractDownload PDF (7316K) -
Norio TAKENAKA, Takaaki NAGAO, Yasuhiro TANI, Yosuke MIZUKAMI1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 613-619
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe worn wheel profile has very important effect on the cutting condition in the face grinding. The relation between the profile and the grinding condition can be analyzed by the Monte Carlo Simulation. Thus in this paper, the profile change is obtained by the assumption that an abrasive grain is releasing when an adequate external force is concentrated on it and then the tangential grinding force is calculated of the cup wheel. This Monte Carlo Simulation is a very effective method to treat the mechanism of the stochastic grinding process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1193K) -
Auto-recording of Locking Performance CurveAkira YAMAMOTO, Shinji KASEI, Kazuo IDE, Masataka IWATA1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 620-625
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method of evaluation of the locking performance of threaded fasteners under transverse vibration was previously proposed by the authors. It is based on the relation between δ, the loss of the fastening force per cycle at the specified fastening force, and S, the full amplitude of vibrating displacement. This paper presents an auto-recording method, by which the above-mentioned δ-S relation is obtained, a newly constructed testing machine with auto-recording function and the examples of experimental results. The remarkable point of this machine is that, the fastening force being automatically kept at the specified value, the amplitude of vibrating displacement is continuously changed in each test. The value of δ is found to be corresponded to the increment ratio of the clamping length which is detected by an electronic treatment. It is shown that the method presented in this paper is one of the effective measures for quick and handy evaluation of the locking performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (2675K) -
[in Japanese]1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 626-631
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1849K) -
[in Japanese]1979 Volume 45 Issue 533 Pages 632-635
Published: May 05, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (594K)
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