It was observed that the common antigenic component exists in otherwise unrelated bacteriae, or, between bacteria and other cells. The most remarkable examples are Forssman's heterophile antigen and Weil-Felix reaction. In Weil-Felix reaction, its factor was shown that the alkalistable somatic polysaccharide of Protheus OX strains, refered to as X factor, is common to both Protheus OX 19 and Rickettsia prowazekii. Some workers (Arai, McCullough and others) report the existence of common antigen between Vibrio cholerae and Brucella. The author studied on antigenic components and chemical structure of this common antigen and futher more reviewed the antigenic structure of Vibrio cholerae. The results of experiments were summarized as follows : 1) The author evinced that each of three types of Brucella contains the same two antigens, however the Br. abortus and suis in which the A antigen predominate quantitatively, and the Br. melitensis in which the M antigen predominate, like as a report of Miles and Wilson. On the other hand, Vibrio cholerae have three subtypes, as Inaba, Ogaws and Hikoshima type by the absorption test of agglutinin with OH and O anti-serums. 2) The author observed that the common antigen exists between Vibrio cholerae and Brucella. And called this common antigen as Y factor for the time being. 3) The Y factor was observed as mono-antigenic component, in the three types of Vibrio cholerae and three types of Brucella. And Y factor was entirely different from any other antigenic factor of Vibrio cholerae and Brucella already known. 4) The Y factor existed in somatic substance of Vibrio cholerae as heat stable O antigen. The component of this factor in Brucella was much more than in Vibrio cholerae. 5) The element of Y antigen was observed in somatic polysaccharide fraction of Vibrio cholerae. 6) The action of bacteriolysis to Vibrio cholerae was observed in anti-serum of Brucella as Pfeiffer's reaction and Neisser-Wechsberg phenomenen.

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A comparative observation has been conducted on the behavior of the splitting lines and the hair streams which occurred in the skin covering the head and back of the human embryo. Head region was observed on each stage of embryo from 5 to 8 months of age, and back region on each stage of embryo from 6 to 10 months of age, and thus chronological observation has been made possible to know the possible interaction occurring between the splitting lines and the hair streams in the course fetal life. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1) In the following regions of the body the two anatomical traits showed similar patterns of orientation through every stages of embryonic life ; upper two third of the frontal, upper half of the orbital, the temporal, the parietal, and the occipital regions down to the line connecting the upper roots of right and left auricles ; lower lip and chin regions, upper half of mouth region, dorsal sides of the abdomen and the sacral region. 2) The regions where the splitting lines and the hair streams took different directions at early stages of life, but later shared the same direction due to bodily growth were as follows ; lower half of the orbital region, periphery of the auricle, cheek region and upper part of the scapular region. 3) There are regions where the splitting lines and the hair streams took the same direction only at certain periods of the fetal life. The regions and the months involved are as follows ; at 6 months the whirl of hair part of the parietal region, the vertebral region and its whirl of hair part ; at 6 and 8 months those parts extending from the scapular region toward its middle and lower regions. 4) The region where the splitting lines and the hair streams took different directions through entire stages of embryonic life is confined to the part which is bordered upward by the line connecting the upper roots of right and left auricles and downward by the back neck region. 5) A characteristic relation was observed to exist between the splitting lines and the hair streams in the skin in that the normal splitting lines were converted into irregular ones at the following parts of the skin ; the part where the hair stream disperses from the middle of the parietal region toward the periphery, the part where crossing of the hair streams takes place in the frontal region, and the part where the fan-like hair stream in the sacral region joins with the transversal hair stream of the vertebral region. 6) From histological point of view, the splitting lines of the skin discloses the splitting direction of relatively upper layer of the corium, whereas the direction taken by the hair streams is determined according to the slanting angles of the hair root. It was observed that the age change in the direction of the hair stream was determined by the direction or the growth orientation of the connective tissue fibers constituting the deeper layer of corium or the superficial layer of subcutaneous tissues in which the hair bulbs were rooted. This probably enplains why the splitting lines and the hair streams alternate their respective courses during the process of embryonic growth. As is outlined above. the splitting lines and the hair streams in the skin of human embryos undergo changes with age alternately, taking directions at one time similar, at another dissimilar to each other according to stages of the embryonic development. Thus the fact that the hari streams undergo changes with embrionic growth in close association with the splitting lines suggests that it also would display growth orientation of the skin, or more particularly, the growth orientation of the connective tissue constituting the deeper layer of corium or the superficial layer of subcutaneous tissue in the skin. It may be also said that the hair streams have close relation with the functional manifestation of the splitting lines in the skin in view of the

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On the experience of the case of the lower third bicuspid, as are found in the mouth of the twenty one years old woman, this supernumerary to begining to eruption to the lingual of lower the right and left-side of second molar. The left supernumerary do damage to the tongue, and I extracted the third bicuspid. The etiological factor in the case of supernumerary teeth is one that concerns the early development of epithelial structures and hence is of costitutional origin, although local in expression.

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Reports on the supernumerary tubercles of teeth are fairly abundant in the litereture. However, the occurrence of it on the buccal surface on upper 3rd molar has been so far relatively unnoticed, so that the incidence has been estimated to amount to as little as 1.6% according to KITAMURA and even 0% according to UMA. The author report here a case of upper left 3rd molar having two supernumerary tubercles of conical shape found in a male adult subject. The tubercles fused firmly with the main tooth, and the root of tubercles fused with the root of mesio-buccal of the 3rd molar tooth. An apical foramen is present in the root end. Radiographical examination revealed that the tubercles has a pulp cavity but not a root canal of their own, except the presence of a mesio buccal root canal of the main 3rd molar tooth serving as commonone. The author is of the opinion that the supernumerary tubercles would have their origin in the local excessive growth of the theory of reca pitulation.

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I have observed a case of the symmetrical lack of the upper permanent canine teeth. In this case, there are a little obliteration on the teeth, but the upper and lower row of the teeth are both regular. And I could not find out that the remains of the milk canine teeth, the absorption of the bone beams, and the inclination of both right and left lateral incisor, by the naked eye or x-ray investigation. In conclusion, this is considered as an interesting case of the inherent symmetrical lack of the upper permanent canine teeth.

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A study was conducted on the pupils and children in Saga district, consisting of 2837 males and 2706 females 6 to 14 years of age, in an aim to know the possible relation existing between the ages, sexes, occupations, Tuberculin reaction, Vervaeck-Wellish's physical nutrition index, the number of existing deciduous teeth and the shedding ages of deciduous teeth. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The average number of existing deciduous teeth in the male exceeded that in the female. 2. The order in the magnitude of the average number of existing deciduous teeth for all the regional groups of subjects examined is expressed in the following simplified formula. Male……Kokura city>Saga district〓Tokuyama city Female………Saga district>Tokuyama city>Kokura city 3. The rate at which the average number of existing deciduous teeth decreases with increasing age of the subjects is expressed in the following formulae. In terms of individual teeth of the dentiton the formula is as follows. Deciduous central incisor>lateral incisor>canine>first molar>second molar In terms of the teeth in upper and lower jaws the formula is as follows : the teeth in lower jaw>the teeth in upper jaw In terms of the teeth in both sides of the jaw it is as follows : the teeth in the left〓in the right In terms of the sexes of the sudjects it is as follows : the teeth in the female>in the male 4. The relation between the occupation of the subject's family and the average number of existing deciduous teeth is expressed in the following formulae. Male………Agriculture〓Trade〓Salaried<Pitman Female………Agriculture<Trade〓Salaried<Pitman 5. There was hardly noticed any relation present between Tuberculin reaction and the average number of existing deciduous teeth. 6. The average numbers of both existing deciduous and permanent teeth show strong inverse relation with values ranging from (-0.12) to (-0.961). 7. As to the average age for the deciduous tooth shedding, that for the contral incisors in lower jaw is the earliest with 6.2 years in the male, 6 years in the female, followed by those for the upper central incisors, the lower lateral incisors, upper lateral incisors, lower canines, lower first molars, upper canines, lower second molars, and that for the upper second molars is the latest with 10.7 years in the male, 10.6 years in the female. Thus the average age of deciduous teeth shedding for the female is earlier than that for the male by 3.8 months on the average. 8. The average age for the shedding of deciduous teeth in lower jaw is earlier than that in upper jaw, and the difference in this respect between the right and left halves of the dentition is not present in the male. In the female, however, the age of shedding is earlier in the right half than in the left half of the dentition. 9. The average age for the shedding of deciduous teeth in the subjects of Saga district is earlier than that in the subjects of Kokura city. 10. Correlation coefficient between Vervaeck-Wellisch's physical & nutritional indices and the average number of existing deciduous teeth ranges from-0.01 to -0.10.

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Replacement of temporary with permanent teeth was studied on 1020 male subjects and 920 female subjects, aged 6 to 18 years and living in Kitsuki city, Ohita Prefecture. Comparison was made with the data obtained respectively from groups of 307 males and 269 females aged 9 to 14 years and living in Kokura city, 159 males and 269 females aged 6, 9 and 13 years and living in Yoshitomi-machi, Fukuoka Prefecture, and also from groups of 2257 males and 1936 females aged 6 to 15 years and living in Kokura city as examined in 1950 by Ninomiya, the total numbers of subjects being 3743 of male sex and 3248 of female sex. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The average numbers of existing deciduous teeth as found in every subject groups examined were conveniently expressed in the following diagrams. Kitsuki city……Male>Female Kokura city……Male>Female Yoshitomi-machi……Male>Female Male……Kitsukicity〓Kokuracity Female……Kitsukicity>Kokuracity 2) The average numbers of erupted permanent teeth in the same groups were as follows. Kitsuki city………Male<Female Kokura city………Male<Female Yoshitomi-machi……Male<Female Male……Kitsuki city〓Kokura city Female……Kitsuki city>Kokura city 3) Average ages for deciduous tooth shedding in the same groups were as follows. Male in Kitsuki city………upper jaw>lower jaw Female in Kitsuki city………upper jaw>lower jaw Male in Kitsuki>Female in Kitsuki Male and Female………Kitsuki<Kokura (Ninomiya 1950) On viewing the average ages of deciduous tooth shedding in Kokura city and Kitsuki city from the data for the average numbers of existing deciduous teeth in both cities as examined in 1957, it was revealed that there was no difference in the average ages of deciduous tooth shedding in the male subjects of both cities, while in the female subjects of Kitsuki city the age was earlier than that in the female subjects in Kokura city. 4) The average ages for permanent teeth eruption were expressed as follows. Male and female in Kitsuki………upper jaw>lower jaw Male in Kitsuki>Female in Kitsuki Male and female……Kokura city <Kitsuki city (Ninomiya, 1950) On viewing the average ages for permanent teeth eruption as compared between Kitsuki and Kokura cities from the data for the average numbers of erupted permanent teeth in both cities, it was revealed that there was no difference in the male subjects in both cities while the average age for permanent teeth eruption for the female subjects in Kokura city was later than that for the female subjects in Kitsuki city.

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