Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is one of the most common syndromes that reflects deep somatic pain. The origin of the pain in TMD lies in masticatory and cervical muscles, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Unaware tooth contact during day- and nighttime leads to sustained masticatory muscle contraction and it results in muscular pain. This tooth contact is not necessarily accompanied by bruxism and it elicits mild tension of masticatory muscles. The most cases of TMJ internal derangement are caused by masticatory muscle contraction, too. Muscle fatigue that is caused by sustained muscle contraction elicits noxious input and it leads to central sensitization and neuronal plasticity of the secondary neurons in the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal spinal nucleus. This change in the central nervous system results in referred pain. Behavioral therapy such as relaxation and stretch of the masticatory muscles is essential for the remission of symptoms. Neither pharmacotherapy except for a few medicines (e.g., NSAIDs with benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants) nor splint therapy is supported by systematical reviews. Trigger point injection with both local anesthetics and normal saline provides significant pain relief. Deep somatic pain originates not only from the masticatory muscles or the TMJ, but also from surrounding structures. Sustained noxious imputs from extra- and intracranial vasculature, jaw bones, cervical muscles, vertebrae, sinuses, nose, eyes and ears may cause referred pain in the orofacial region. Orofacial pain is occasionally seen as a sign of migraine. Maxillary molar toothache and TMJ pain are more frequently observed in cluster headache. Tension type headache may be associated with TMD. These headaches appear with their specific accessory symptoms. TMJ pain that lasts several hours to a couple of days and concomitant nausea, vomiting, photo- and phonophobia should be investigated for migraine. Pain around the TMJ and upper molars with ipsilateral lacrimation, eyelid edema, conjunctival injection of the eyeball and nasal congestion may be signs of cluster headache. Some autoimmune diseases resemble TMD. Sjögren syndrome may accompany pain in the preauricular (parotid gland) region. Temporal arteritis is associated with trismus due to severe pain in the temple and the TMJ. Laboratory data will be a help to make a differential diagnosis in these conditions. Paroxysmal neuralgias (e.g., trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias) may elicit pain precipitation during the jaw movement. Trigger zones should be explored in the territories of affected nerves, although sometimes it is difficult to make a definitive diagnosis. Paroxysmal neuralgias usually do not cause pain every time the jaw moves, while muscular and joint problems always do. The pain of TMD is classified into the deep somatic pain and other conditions of the same classification, neuropathic pain (paroxysmal neuralgias) and psychiatric diseases (somatoform disorders, depression, etc.) should be differentially diagnosed.

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A clinical study was performed on sixty-three patients with salivary gland tumors initially diagnosed and treated in the First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental College Hospital from January, 1994 to December, 2003. The diagnosis of individual tumors was based on the World Health Organization classification.
Tumors were analyzed according to histological type, age, sex, site and size.
1.Benign tumors were observed in 68.3% of cases and malignant tumors were observed in 31.7%.
2.The most common type of tumor was pleomorphic adenoma (49.2%).
3.Pleomorphic adenoma occurred more frequently in female than in male patients. All the patients with Warthin tumors were male.
4.The peak incidence of salivary gland tumors was in the fourth and seventh decades and the average age of the patients was 53.4 years.
5.The incidence of salivary gland tumors was strikingly high in the palate (38.1%). Warthin tumors are almost exclusively located in the parotid gland.
6.The 5-year and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 72.9% for malignant salivary gland tumors.

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The total number of 22,335 books loaned from Kyushu Dental College Library between April 2004 and March 2007 was evaluated in relation to user or subject. Of 22,335 books, 20,073 (89.9%) were related to dentistry, and 2,262 books were not. There were 12,732 clinical dentistry books (57.0%), and 5751 basic dentistry books (25.7%). Books related to dental prosthetics showed the highest result (3041;13.6%) in a clinical dentistry subject, and the next highest were 1,485 for oral surgery (6.6%), 1237 for preventive dentistry (5.6%), and 1157 for dental orthodontics (5.2%). The highest figure was 1,326 (5.9%) for oral anatomy among basic dentistry subjects, and the next highest totals were 1,005 (4.5%) for dental engineering, and 903 (4.0%) for oral pathology. 19,432 student users (undergraduate students, students of the dental hygiene school, graduate students, research students, and special students;87.0%) and 2,903 non-student users (teachers, staff, residents, and others:13.0%) borrowed books, and undergraduate students were the maximal users (15,265 times;68.3%). Undergraduate students borrowed 7,962 clinical dentistry books and 5123 basic dentistry books, which totalled 58.6%. Among particular books loaned, Partial Dentures for Dental Students (2^nd edition) was the one most borrowed (153 times), Dental Orthodontics (3^rd edition) was second (115), and Dental Anesthesiology (5^th edition) was third (99).

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