The purpose of this study was to examine whether muscle pains, mandibular movements and the occlusal condition of TMD patients with masticatory muscle pains changed by the stabilization splint therapy. Eight female patients with masticatory muscle pains were enrolled in this study. All subjects gave informed consent before taking part in this experiment. A stabilization splint was made for each subject on upper jaw. Measurement items were the distances of protrusive and lateral border movements, the occlusal condition, visual analogue scale (VAS) of subjective symptoms and pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in masseter and temporalis muscles before and after the stabilization splint wearing. The data acquisition was carried out before and 2 weeks after wearing of the stabilization splint. Paired-t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was carried out to evaluate the significance of differences. The distances of protrusive and painful side lateral border movements significantly increased after wearing the stabilization splint. Bite force, occlusal contact points and occlusal contact area, showed a decreasing tendency after wearing the stabilization splint, but there were no statistically significant differences. 3 of 4 items of VAS values significantly decreased after the stabilization splint therapy, and PPT significantly increased after the stabilization splint wearing. It has been found that muscle pains were relieved, and the distances of mandibular movements increased for patients with myalgia of masticatory muscle disorders by the stabilization splint therapy. It was suggested that the occlusal condition might be changed by this changes.

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Using a mouthguard is an effective tool for reducing and preventing impact and trauma to the oromaxillary region. 172 students who are belonged to sports club in Sport and Exercise Science Department in some private University were enrolled in this study. They were divided into three groups according to requirement for mouthguard in sports such as a partially, mandatory group, a recommended group, and a non-recommended group. Differences among group were comparatively investigated. Results were as follows； １．There was a significant difference among the 3 group in usage experience of mouthguard, experience of trauma to the oromaxillary region, and mouthguard effectiveness（p＜0.05）. Scores of these three evaluation criteria were the highest in the partially mandatory group, followed by the recommended group, and then the non-recommended group. ２．It was suggested that awareness of mouthguard and usage experience of mouthguard were different according to sports events, and campaigns for mouthguard use are necessary to increase awareness of mouthguards as a method for preventing trauma to the oromaxillary region. ３．Problems uncovered included that conversation and breathing are impaired when using a mouthguard, indicating the need for urgent development of new mouthguards to match the characteristics of individual sports. ４．The most trauma to the oromaxillary region occurred when playing basketball and rugby, and use of a mouthguard during practices and matches in these sports should be recommended.

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Originally, nasal breathing is a physiological breathing style of human being, but when the normal nasal breathing is impaired by nasal obstruction such as rhinitis, it is said to reduce the QOL such as headache, fatigue, sleep disorders, drowsiness of daytime, a decrease of attention. In this study, an experimental mouth breathing is created by obstructing the nose of a person whose usually breathing style is nasal breathing, and we investigated how mouth breathing is whether the extent involved in the decline of attentsadokugo ion or concentration to weigh mouth breathing with nasal breathing the work efficiency of the challenges. We was performed the Uchida Krepelin test in adults to 34 people, and the Stloop color word test of 27 adults whose usual breathing style is determined to nasal breathing. The experimental mouth breathing when you have a nasal obstruction was used as the experimental group, and nose breathing that does nothing was used as a control group, so two groups were compared. Evaluation items are the number of incorrect answers and reaction time of Stloop color word test, the average amount of work total average amount of work, the first half of the average amount of work, the second half of the average amount of work, the average amount of work 5 rows of late start, the specific row the number of incorrect answers of the Uchida Kraepelin test. In conclusion, 1. In the Stloop Color Word test, it compared to the control group, those in the experimental group were observed trend of increasing the number of incorrect answers, the extension of the reaction time. 2. In Uchida Kraepelin test, the total average amount of work, the first half of the average amount of work, the second half of the average amount of work, the average amount of work of 5 rows of late start, those in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Accordingly, we found that the work efficiency falls by persons of nasal breathing becomes the mouth breathing temporarily. From this study, the experimental mouth breathing has been suggested possibility of effect a decrease in attention or concentration, and leading to a reduction of working efficiency. but this is a case where it becomes the mouth breathing temporarily present results. Therefore, it is about whether applies to resident basis mouth breathing person, we must continue research in the future.

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