The Journal of the Kyushu Dental Society

Electrolyzed water has attracted great attention because of its excellent bactericidal activities. The electrolyzed water used in clinical dentistry is classified into three types : strong acid water, weak acid water and neutral water according to their pH values. All the three electrolyzed waters are well applicable to the disinfectant for the impressions, the acrylic dentures and the instruments showing excellent bactericidal activities in a significantly shorter treatment as compared with the conventional cleaning. However, strong acid water released a large amount of Au or Cu in the precious metal alloy, and showed a rapid deterioration of its bactericidal activity. The dissolution of ingredient of metal alloy decreased in weak acid water and further decreased in neutral water. The weak acid and neutral waters exhibited excellent durability.

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Osteoclasts, the multinucleated giant cells that resorb bone, develop from hematopoietic cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Osteoclasts precursors that posess receptor activator of neuclear factor kappa B (RANK) recognize RANK ligand (RANKL) and differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of neuropeptide substance P (SP) on the formation of osteoclasts from human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) in the presence of RANKL and M-CSF. Fluorecent immunostaining using specific antibody against neurokinin-1 receptor (NK_1-R) indicated the localization of punctuate distribution of NK1-R on the PBMC. PBMC cultured with 10% FBS containing 1, 25(OH)_2D_3, M-CSF, RANKL for 2 weeks formed TRAP (+) mononucleated cells and TRAP (+) multinucleated cells. The addition of 10^<-10>〜10^<-8> M SP induced the increased number of TRAP (+) mononucleated cells and TRAP (+) multinucleated cells. The increase of TRAP (+) mononucleated cells and TRAP (+) multinucleated by SP was inhibited by the addition of spantide, SP antagonist or FK224, NK_1-R. These findings suggest that SP stimulated the formation of osteoclast precursors from PBMC and the formation of osteoclasts through the NK_1-Rs.

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The purpose of this study is to assess what might be diagnostic of the Uigur tribe dental characteristics of nonmetrical crown traits and to demonstrate the ethnic relationships of the Uigur tribe among Asian populations. Plaster models were taken from 80 male and 80 female students, 16 to 19 years of age, of the Uigur tribe middle high school in Urumqi, Xinjian-Uigur, China. Nineteen nonmetrical traits of tooth crown were scored using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System and counted with the individual count method. The frequencies of 19 crown traits in the Uigur tribe were compared with those of 12 other populations. Five crown traits that indicated high frequencies were UC Canine distal accessory ridge, LP2 Premolar lingual cusp variation, UM1 Carabelli's trait, UM2 Hypocone and LM2 Cusp 4. Five that low frequencies were UC Canine mesial ridge, U and LP1, 2 Odontome, LM1 Distal trigonid crest, LM1 Cusp 7 and LM2 Y-groove pattern. The modern Uigur tribe had six Sinodont-like traits : UI1^2 Winging, UC Tuberculum dentale, LP2 Premolar lingual cusp variation, UM1 Cusp 5, LM1 Protostylid and Y groove pattern. Six Caucasoid-like traits : UI1 Shoveling, UI1 Double shovel, U and LP1, 2 Odontome, UM1 Carabelli's trait, UM1 Cusp 6 and LM2 4-Cusp. Two major clusters were found by cluster analysis on Ward method among 13 populations including the Uigur tribe, based on 18 crown traits. The one macro-cluster contains European, north African, Uigur and sub-Saharan African, the other all North Asia populations (Sinodont) and Thai and Jomon (Sundadont). The former cluster was divided into two subclusters, one was the European, north African and the Uigur tribe, and the other sub-Saharan African. By the multidimentional scaling analysis, the Uigur tribe was between Sinodont group and Caucasoid group. Judging from the above analysis, it was proved that the dentition of the modern Uigur tribe was charactaristic of both Sinodont and Caucasoid. This is probably caused by admixture between ancient Uigur tribe (Sinodont) and other peoples (Caucasoid).

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We reported a case of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma manifested in the tongue of a 66-year-old man along with its histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Histopathological examination revealed that almost the entire part of the neoplasm was characterized by pseudoglandular structures lined by cuboidal cells lacking intercellular bridges, keratinization, or other features of a squamous growth. Alucian blue (AB), mucicarmin (MC), and periodic acid schiff (PAS) stains failed to demonstrate epithelial mucin in the cytoplasm of the cuboidal cells or intraluminal substance. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive reactions against antibodies to cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin (VM), and no reaction with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and factor VIII related antigen (FVIII). These findings suggested that this tumor involved the acantholysis and degeneration of a squamous cell carcinoma.

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