Administration of anti-cancer drugs for oral cancer may be restricted within the area of adjuvant therapy. There is, however, no doubt that it is an important method next to operation and irradiation. In treating oral cancers in our department since 1964, we have been testing a therapy plan, in which intra-arterial infusion through the arteria temporalis superficialis of the affected side preceeds, and operation and/or irradiation follows depending of the case. The author have studied the fifty-three cases treated by intra-arterial infusion of various drugs in the Second Department of Oral Surgery, Kyushu Dental College, between 1964 and 1969. The author has studied the correlation between the treatment method and the result ; the clinical findings at the first examination and the findings of the pathological examinations of the samples of small tissue section and the treatment result. In addition, experimental oral cancer was created by transplanting Vx2 carcinoma in the buccal masticatory muscles of rabbits and anti-cancer drugs (MT-C or BLM) were intra-arterially infused. As a result of histopathological examinations of the effect, the following conclusions were obtained. I. Clinical study a. The approximate survival rate of the 53 cases of intra-arterial infusion was 35.3%. (33.3% for single treatment group by intra-arterial infusion and 40.0% for combined treatment group). The treatment results obtained were better than those reported by others. Significance of our therapy plan was thus proved. The combined treatment method of intra-arterial infusion followed by surgery or irradiation, in particular, was superior in the treatment results. b. Comparative studies by treatment method was undertaken of the treatment result, the occurrence sites, the clinical findings of clinical progress, the histological type by the samples of small tissue sections for pathological diagnosis, the architecure of cancerous parenchyme, histopathological findings of stroma reactions. As a result, it was indicated that the combined treatment method, when compared with the single treatment, excelled somewhat in the treatment results. c. Significance of selective administration of a suitable, anti-cancer drug by screening test was recognized. Furthermore, the fact that better treatment results were obtained in the cases treated by the combined method in addition to the selective administration is indicative of direction for treating oral cancers. II. Experimental Study a. The transplanted tumors gradually developed daily, and reached the size of a child's fist by thirty days after transplantation. b. Comparing with the control group, a restriction in the growth was clearly observed in the experiment groups and the tumors were smaller than those of the control group. c. No distinct difference in the sizes of tumors was observed between the MT-C administered group and the BLM administered group of the experiment groups. d. With an increase in the number of administration, compared with the control group, degenerative changes such as concentration swelling, disintegration and decrease in sensetivity to staining of the nucleus and vacuolation of cytoplasma, were observed clearly. No distinct difference in such changes was observed between the MT-C administered group and the BLM administered group. e. MT-C administered group showed a somewhat stronger trend for fibrosis of the valamentum than BLM administered group. No distinct difference in fibrous stroma reactions and cellular stroma reactions was observed between the MT-C administered group and the BLM administered group.

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A total of 732 pupils of public school was selected from residents a district of Yawata, Kitakyushu for the present study. They were consisted of both sexes and ranged in age from 78 to 126 months. These subjects were measured for the number of deciduous teeth lost during the period of one year (t), for the number of permanent teeth increased during the same period (T), and for the increments of body height (H), body weight (W), and sitting height (S. H) and chest girth (C. G) respectively, and possible correlationship existing between these data was analyzed. Results were summarized as follows. 1. Number of Teeth Lost or Increased and Increments of Body Height and Other Physical Parameters t : Number of deciduous teeth lost (t) increased with increasing month of age, this was true with both upper and lower jaws. T : Number of permanent teeth increased (T) showed little fluctuation with increasing month of age except that it showed a slight increase in upper quadrants as compared to lower quadrants. H : Increment of body height (H) was slighty larger in the female pupils than in the male pupils, but hardly showed any noticeable difference with increasing month of age with both sexes. W : Increment of weight (W) was slightly larger in the female than in the male pupils and, with both sexes, the increment became greater with increasing month of age. C.G. : There was hardly any noticeable sex difference in the increment of chest girth, nor was there any difference with progressive age of subjects. S.H. : There was no sex difference nor age difference in this respect.

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Plaster models were taken from the mouth of a total 572 infants aged 3 to 5 years and the morphology of their dental arches with no permanent tooth erupted was measured with respect to age, sex and regional difference. Analysis of data obtained gave the following conclusions. 1. Breadth of Dental Arch Sex : Male exceeded female with every age stages of infants. Regional : With both sexes, the breadth of every regions of dental arch was larger in upper jaw than in lower jaw. The extent to which the breadth of dental arches of upper and lower jaws differed was respectively 6.2 to 6.9 mm in male and 6.4 to 6.8 mm in female at the deciduous canine, 4.7 to 5.0 mm in male and 4.8 to 5.2 mm in female at the first deciduous molar, and 4.6 to 4.8 mm in male and 4.3 to 4.8 mm in female at the second deciduous molar. Age : The breadth was largest in 5-year-old infants, followed by 4-year-old and 3-year-old infants with both sexes. The percentage magnitude of dental arch between 3-year-old infants and adults was respectively in the range of 84.7 to 91.1% in male and in the range of 84.4 to 92.0% in female. 2. Length of Dental Arch in Right and Left Quadrants Sex : Male exceeded female in both quadrants with length of dental arch. Upper and lower jaws : Upper jaw exceeded lower jaw in every regions of dental arches of both sides with every age stages of infants. Age : In the male infants, there is hardly any difference between individuals, while in the female infants, 3-year-olds showed largest individual difference, which decreased towards 4-year-old and 5-year-old infants groups. 3. Breadth of Alveolus in Lower Jaw Sex : Male exceeded female in the breadth of alveolus at every regions measured and with every age stages of infants. Age : In male infants, little difference was noticed between 5-year-old and 4-year-old infants in the breadth, its magnitude being smallest in 3-year-old infants. In female infants, the breadth was largest in 5-year-old group, decreasing towards in 4-year-old and 3-year-old groups in order. 4. Antero-posterior Length of Dental Arch Sex : Sex difference was hardly noticed between 3-year-old and 4-year-old groups, whereas in 5-year-old infants male exceeded female in the magnitude of antero-post-erior length of dental arch. Age : Individual difference was largest in 3-year-old male, while negligible difference existed in 4-and 5-year-old male groups. This was also true for 3-year-old female, and the difference diminshed towards 4-year-old and 5-year-old female groups. Upper and Lower Jaws : The antero-posterior length of dental arch in upper jaw was larger than in lower jaw in both sexes and for every age stages. 5. Length-Breadth Index of Dental Arch Sex : Sex difference was hardly present with 3-year-old and 5-year-old infants groups, while with 4-year-old infants female exceeded male in this respect. Age : Individual difference was largest in 3-year-old infants and it decreased towards 4-year-old and 5-year-old groups.

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It is main purpose of the present study to investigate the difference of the reflex discharge generated in the branches of the hypogiossal nerve supplying the three lingual muscles by stimuli of the tongue or the glossopharyngeal nerve. The branches of the hypoglossal nerve to the intrinsic, the genioglossal and the hyoglossal muscle were utilized for the present study. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Both branches of the hypoglossal nerve to the intrinsic and the genioglossal muscle generated the spontaneous discharge. However, the branch to the hyoglossal muscle did not generate spontaneously an obvious discharge. Frequency of this discharge generated in the branch to the intrinsic muscle was higher than that of the genioglossal muscle. 2. Chemical stimulation with 0.3M NaCl and tactile stimulation with a horsetail hair applied to the tongue elicited the reflex discharge in the branch to the intrinsic muscle. But, these stimuli did not elicit any reflex discharge in the other branches. Chemical stimulation with NaCl more than 0.6M, with repetitive application of 0.3M NaCl and tactile stimulation with cotton fiber elicited the reflex discharge in all branches of the hypoglossal nerve. In case of these stimuli, discharge frequency of the branch to the intrinsic muscle was higher than those of the other branches. When chemical stimulation with lM NaCl was applied to the tongue, the reflex discharge of the branch to the intrinsic muscle lasted for about 10 min. However, when a maintained stimulus was applied to the tongue, the reflex discharge of the branch to the hyoglossal muscle disappeared rapidly. Water and NaCl less than 0.3M did not elicit any reflex discharge in all branches. 3. The reflex discharges of the three branches elicited by stretch of the tongue were about the smae amplitude. However, it seems that these discharges of the branches to the intrinsic and the genioglossal muscle involved much of the discharge elicited by tactile stimulation, because these branches were most sensitive to tactile stimulation to the tongue. 4. The reflex discharge was elicited in the hypoglossal nerve by a single electric shock to the glossopharyngeal nerve de-efferented. This discharge was divided into two parts by amplitude. The initial part of the discharge passed in a short time was of large amplitude, and the following one was of small amplitude. Amplitude of the initial part of the discharge generated in the branch to the hyoglossal muscle was greater than those of the other branches and disappeared in a short time. In case of the branch to the intrinsic muscle, following part was of high frequency with long duration. 5. Furthermore, the initial part of the reflex discharge was divided into two parts, synchronous discharge with short latency and nonsynchronous discharge with long latency. 6. Repetitive electric shocks to the glossopharyngeal nerve increased frequency and duration of the reflex discharge in the hypoglossal nerve. 7. The total latency of the synchronous reflex discharge was about 2.8 msec.

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The nerve trunk of inferior alveolar nerve of adult dogs was cut just before it enters into the mandibular foramen in order to study the possible changes occurring in the teeth and periodontal membrane. Results obtained were summarized as follows. A. Changes in Nerve Fiber Distribution 1. The first change to be observed in the peripheral nerve fibers distributing the periodontal membrane and pulp of teeth after cutting of the nerve trunk was the reduction and rarefaction of fibers as early as the Ist day of operation. 2. The majority of nerve fibers distributing the periodontal membrane and tooth pulp suffered Waller's degeneration and disappeared, but there remained intact a small portion of nerve fibers. 3. Progress of Waller′s degeneration was observed faster in nerve fibers nearer the cut end, so that the degenerated fibers in the periodontal membrane and pulp of the molars were the first to disappear as early as the 7th day after operation, and those fibers in the anterior teeth were the last to disappear as late as by ten days after operation. 4. Regeneration of nerve fibers took place in such way that a small number of very fine fibers of regenerating nerve was first seen to appear after 30 to 60 days in the case of periodontal membrane and after 60 to 90 days in the case of pulp tissue after the operation which, however, could be observed to increase their number progressively. B. Other Changes in Tissues 1. The changes that occurred directly after cutting of the inferior alveolar nerve were the dilatation and hyperemia of blood vessels with resultant edema. Following these changes, there appeared a variety of changes in the periodontal membrane and the tooth pulp. 2. Rarefaction of periodontal ligament, resorption of alveolar bone, atrophy and irregular arrangement of cementblasts and disappearance of cementoid substance were among the changes observed in the periodontal membrane, besides dilatation of blood vessel and hyperemia. Degree and frequency of such pathological changes increased with the progress of degeneration and disappearance of the nerve fibers. By the time when the nerve fibers were allowed to regenerate, the foregoing changes disappeared, and the damaged tissues tended to return to normal. These observations seem to suggest a positive correlationship existing between the nerve fibers and periodontal ligament. 3. With regard to changes in the pulp tissues, there were observed, besides dilatation of blood vessel and hyperemia, a variety of degenerative changes in the odontoblasts, including atrophy, irregularity of arrangement, vacuolar degeneration, hyaline and calcareous degeneration, reticular and degenerative atrophy, together with lack of young dentine, and in rarer cases even pulp necrosis was observed. The severity of such degenerative changes, however, did not necessarily go parallel with the progress of nerve fibers degeneration, nor with their regeneration, and showed no correlationship existing between these as contrasted to the case of periodontal membrane. In those cases where the nerve cutting was followed by an intensive circulatory disturbance such as dilatation and hyperemia in the tooth pulp, there came a strong regressive change of tooth pulp which seemed irrecoverable owing to its native fragility of tissue, disadvantaged further by the local constriction of apical foramen.

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