The gravity center and the relative gravity center of the human body have been determined on the following groups of subjects : the pregnant women in their 20s to 30s, being at 2 to 10months of pregnancy ; the laborers in their 20s to 40s, non-laborer in the same age range ; the feeble-minded and crippled children and adults. 1) Correlations of height and weight of the body and the chest girth as contrasted to the gravity center and the relative gravity center of the body It was revealed that in every instance measured for the items above mentioned, the gravity center increased its height in parallel with the increase in the body weight, body length and chest girth, without showing any appreciable change in the height of the relative gravity center. There was no sex difference in this respect 2) The correlations between the relative body weight, relative chest girth and relative height of gravity center In every items measured, it was revealed that the value for the relative height of gravity center remained approximately constant regardless of the magnitude of value obtained from the relative body weight or of the relative chest girth. 3) From the data obtained it was concluded that there wass carcely found any appreciable difference in the position of gravity center among the subjects regardless of whatever physique they had.

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An experimental measurement has been conducted on the biting force of individual deciduous teeth of the children 4 to 5 years of age having normal deciduous dentition and of those having dentition separated by the developmental spaces. The measurement was done by using a specially designed springed apparatus. 1) The approximate values of the biting force for individual deciduous teeth in the lower jaw having normal dentition were expressed as follows. name of the tooth biting force in kilogram male female central incisor 4.9 4.7 lateral incisor 4.9 4.6 cuspid 7.2 6.8 first molar 11.0 10.8 second molar 16.0 15.7 2) The biting force of the deciduous anterior teeth having developmental spaces between them was expressed as follows. name of the tooth biting force in Kilogram male female central incisor 4.0 4.0 lateral incisor 4.0 3.9 cuspid 6.0 5.9 3) The difference in the biting forces between both halves of the normal dentition was not found significant and both values were considered generally equal. 4) The sex difference in the biting force of the normal deciduous dentition was considered generally significant, and the biting force in the male exceeded that in the female, the more the further backward the teeth involved. 5) The deciduous anterior teeth having developmental spaces had definitely lesser values of the biting force than the corresponding normal teeth indicating that the biting force could be greatly influenced by the presence or absence of the contact point between the teeth even in the deciduous dentition.

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Using a total of 60 inbred C_3HF_3 mice, a series of experiments of tabacco tar paintings on the back skin was conducted for approximately 12 months, which, however, apparently failed in developing tumor in these animals. The results of the experiments were summarized as follows. 1) No change whatever was observed in the local skin of the animal where aceton was smeared as control. 2) Pigmentation and thickening of the local skin were observed in the group of animals where a mixture of aceton and tabacco tar was applied. 3) Pigmentation, thickening and loss of hair in the local skin were also observed in the group of animals where a mixture of aceton, tabacco tar and croton oil was applied. 4) The development of spontaneous tumor was observed in 4 out of 60 animals examined.

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Morphological patterns of the occlusion curve, the palate and the dental arch occurring in the female population in Kitsuki city, Oita prefecture were studied on the gnathostatic models which were mounted on the eye-ear planes as bases, and the data obtained were comapred with those obtained from the female in Yawata city, the male and female in Shimonoseki city, the Japanese male and the Manchurian male. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Regulative curve of dental arch In upper jaw the central incisors are the highest from the eye-ear plane, the height decreasing gradually with successive teeth backward. The lower jaw shows a curve similar to the regulative curve of upper jaw against the eye-ear plane. 2) Comparison of the height of individual teeth measured from the eye-ear plane between the female in Kitsuki and the male in Manchuria revealed that there is hardly any difference present with respect to upper jaw, whereas with respect to lower jaw the height in Manchurian male is greater than that in Kitsuki female. 3) In the lateral curve of upper molars in Kitsuki female, it was noticed that the height of buccal cusp of first and second premolars is higher than that of palatal cusps, whereas in the first and second molars the latter cusps are higher than their opponents. However, there is not found any significance of difference in heights of the buccal and palatal cusps of these teeth. 4) The highest point from the eye-ear plane to the curve of median sagittal plane lies on the prosthion with distance of 51mm, the height of the curve becoming gradually lower as it goes farther away from the orbito-sagittal point till it is lowest with distance of 32mm on the average at the point 30mm distant from the orbito-sagittal point (Fig.3). 5) In the comparison on the height from the eye-ear plane to the curve of median sagittal plane of palate between the female in Kitsuki and the male in Manchuria, the height in the former proved higher than that in the latter group. 6) Of the heights from the eye-ear plane to the palatal arch curve examined in the female of Kitsuki, the height at the center is lowest with 32mm on the average and those at both anterior and posterior ends are 45mm on the average, and the curve is of the parabolic type (Fig.4). 7) Comparison between the female in Kitsuki and the Manchurian male on the height from the eye-ear plane to the palatal arch curve does not show any appreciable difference. 8) The degree of incisal occlusion examined on the female in Kitsuki is 3mm on the average which is shown to be smaller than the values obtained for the female in Yawata, the female and male in Shimonoseki and the Japanese and Manchurian male. 9) The over-bite degree examined on the female in Kitsuki is 4mm on the average which is shown to be larger than those values obtained for the Yawata female, Shimonoseki male and female, and for the Manchurian male. 10) The average values for the breadth of dental arch at canine tooth region examined on the Kitsuki female are respectively 35mm in upper jaw, 27mm in lower jaw, and those at the anterior tooth region are respectively 49mm in upper jaw, 43mm in lower jaw, showing relative larger values with upper jaw in every cases. 11) The dental arch breadth or the Kitsuki female is larger than that of the Yawata female, approximately identical with that of the Shimonoseki female, and is smaller than those of the Japanese male and of the Manchurian male. 12) The average values for the anterior dental arch in the Kitsuki female are respectively 18mm in upper jaw, 13mm in lower jaw ; the same values for the posterior dental arch are respectively 32mm in upper jaw, 27mm in lower jaw, indicating that both lengths are larger in upper jaw than in lower jaw. 13) The length of dental arch in the Kitsuki female is larger than that in the Yawata female, approximately the same with those in the Shimonoseki male and female, and smaller

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Comparative studies have been conducted on two separate groups of Staphylococcus strains isolated simultaneously from the saliva and infected root canals of the same individuals, with reference to their biological characteristics, pathogenicity and resistance toward antibiotics. No.110 culture medium was used throughout the study for isolation. A total of 584 subjects being examined, 268 strains of the organisms were isolated from the saliva, 91 strains from the infected root canal, and among the total subjects only 53 yielded simultaneously from both sources a total of 123 strains. Of the 123 strains of organisms 64 deriving from the infected root canal consisted of 31 albus (25.2%), 30 aureus (24.2%) and 3 citreus (2.4%), and 33 strains deriving from the saliva comprised 33 aureus (27.0%), 22 albus (18%) and 4 citreus (3.2%) forms respectively. This indicated that predominant isolates from the root canal were albus strains and those from the saliva were aureus strains. Biological examinations on the 123 organisms revealed that 43 strains (67%) from the root canal and 46 strains (77%) from saliva fermented mannit and coagulated blood plasma while 19 strains (79%) from the root canal and 10 strains (17%) from saliva did not ferment mannit but coagulated blood plasma. There were 2 strains (3%) from the root canal and 3 strains (5%) from saliva which fermented mannit but failed to coagulate blood plasma. Virulence on mice was tested using 20 representative strains selected respectively from members of both origins, and these were injected intracutaneously on the side of the animal. The results showed that all the strains from both origins except 2 from the infected root canal developed more or less positive toxic reactions. Strains totalling to as much as 95% of the root canal origin and 98% of the saliva origin developed resistance against penicillin at the concentration more than 0.0023 unit/ml, and 45% of the former and 54% of the latter origins developed resistance against chloromycetin at the concentration more than 0.185microgram/ml, and 48% of the former and 50% of the latter origins developed resistance against streptomycin at the concentration more than 0.98/ml. It was particularly noted that resistance toward higher concentrations of the drugs was always manifested by the strains from the infected root canal rather than from saliva, and even in the experiment of double and triple exposure of these drugs, far more numder of the root canal strains exhibited higher resistance against it than the saliva strains could afford.

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As one of the basic investigations on the reduced blood transfusion at the surgical operation which has been deviced in our clinic, 1 studied the state of the circulatory system of (I) normal dogs and (II) poor-risk dogs (the body weight reduced 10-15% ; Hb. 65-50% ; blood-plasma albumin 6.5-5.0g/dl) when they underwent a large quantity of depletion ((I) : 20cc/kg ; (II) : 10cc/kg) after the lumbar anesthesia potentiated by Cocktail ; and then investigated the extent to which the injection of the same quantity of Alginon improved the state of the circulation ; and I have obtained the following results. (I) (Normal dogs ; 20cc/kg depletion) (1) The femoral arterial pressure was reduced 39.7%, the circulating blood volume decreased by 33.8%, and the state of bloodgases were in a anoxemia and hypercapnia, and so a considerable hindrance of circulation was observed. (2) (20cc/kg Alginon injection) The recovery of the femoral arterial pressure, the circulating blood volume and the bloodgases was more remarkable than in the case of the 5% gulcose injection. But a 15.9% decrease of the femoral arterial pressure and 15.0% of the circulating blood volume were still observed in 5 hours after the injection of Alginon. The Alginon injection proved to be more efficient than the 5% gulcose injection in that the hemodilution was slight and the recovery of the oxygen consumption was favourable. As to the blood-plasma albumin and the temperature, no significant differences were recognized between the two groups. But by the Alginon injection the state of the circulation could not be completely restored to the normal level. (II) (Poor-risk dogs ; 10cc/kg depletion) (1) The femoral arterial pressure was reduced 36.8%, the circulating blood volume decreased by 28.0% and the blood-gases were tended to anoxemia and hypercapnia. So, as in the case of (I) (1), a remarkable hindrance of circulation was observed. (2) (10cc/kg Alginon injection) The circulation which had become worse after the depletion was considerably restored. The state of the femoral arterial pressure, the circulatory blood volume and the bloodgases were admittedly more improve than in the case of the 5% gulcose injection, and besides the hemodilution was hardly observed. But a 16.2% decrease of the femoral arterial pressure and a 11.1% of the circulating blood volume were still observed, and so the state of the circulation could not be recovered to the former level.

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Although tarnish and corrosion of dental alloys in the oral fluids have been often discussed in many reports, the behaviour towards the medicines was hardly so far considered. Accidentaly the authors observed tarnish of 14K. gold alloys by some disinfectants. Five kinds of dental alloys and three pure component metals were tested in three disinfectants. Two methods were applied. Dipping test was one and another was electrochemical. In the former the surface tarnish was observed, while in the latter the tendency of corrosion was examined by measuring the current density. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1) In dilute tincture of iodine (pharm.) copper alloy, silver alloy and 14. gold alloy were remarkably tarnished. Silver amalgam was tarnished a little but it was corroded. The metals tested were more or less tarnished by this disinfectants. Therefore we have to take care of its usage. 2) In mercurochrome (pharm.) the matals tested were hardly tarnished. This disinfectants may be used safely. 3) In hydrogen peroxide solution (Pharm.) silver alloy and copper alloy were extremely tarnished. Gold alloys were tarnished a little.

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The gravity center and the relative gravity center of the human body have been determined on the following five groups of sportsmen ; the pro-baseball players, the field and track players, the rugby players, the Jyudo and the Sumo players. 1) Correlation of height and weight of the body and the chest girth as contrasted to the gravity center and the relative gravity center of the body. It was revealed that in every instance measured for the items above mentioned, the gravity center increased its height in parallel with the increase in the body weight, body length and chest girth, without showing any appreciable change in the height of the relative gravity center. 2) The correlation between the relative body weight, relative chest girth and relative height of gravity center. In every items measured, it was revealed that the value for the relative height of gra vity center remained approximately constant regardless of the magnitude of value obtained from the relative body weight or of the relative chest girth. 3) From the data obtained it was concluded that there was scarcely found any appreciable difference in the position of gravity center among the subjects regardless of whatever sports they were engaged.

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A survey of the mottled teeth incidence in 4 hot spring resorts in Akita Prefecture (Ohtaki, Yuze, Ohyu and Akinomiya) has been conducted on a total of 2821 grade school children of both sexes ranging in age from 6 to 15. Fluoride contents in the drinking water from various surces have been also determined. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The incidence of the mottled teeth in the whole subjects amounted to approximately 7%, and among the regional groups the one in Yuze district showed the maximum rate with approximately 17%, and the one in Akinomiya district showed the minimum with 3%. 2) Severity rate of mottled teeth : M_1 was most frequent, followed by M_2, and M_3 was rarely met throughout entire regional groups. 3) The fluoride contents as measured on the samples of drinking water from domestic wells and field springs were respectively 1.0 ppm in Ohyu, 0.7 to 1.0 ppm in Yuze, 0.5 ppm in Ohtaki and 0.2 to 0.3 ppm in Akinomiya. 4) In view of the large value measured of Ohyu region which surpassed the established limit of human fluoride tolerance, urgent action toward elimination of fluoride from the drinking water was recommended.

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Distribution of variouss pecies of Proteus bacilli in oral area has been studied on a total of 1513 subjects including adults and children. Using S. S agar and also Endo's medium as subsidiary one for isolation of the organisms, a total of 133 strains of urea-decomposing Proteus bacilli were recovered from different sites of the mouth. These organisms consisted of, accorbing to Bergey's classification, 30 strains of P. vulgaris, 21 strains of P. mirabilis, 74 strains of P. morganii, and 8 strains of P. rettgeri. The organisms could be cultured from 8 cases of ulcerative pulpitis and acute pulpltis in 100%, from 8 cases of freshly extracted, uninfected tooth socket in 37.5%, from 9 cases of infected tooth socket in 33.3% and from 128 cases of debris as deposited inside artificial tooth crown which was temporarily held in position un-cemented, 32%. A definite seasonal variation in the recovery rate of the organisms was observed in that they were more abundantly grown during the months of April, May and June than during the wintertime. (Dic, Janu, Feb) Of all the species isolated Proteus morganii was most frequently met, occupying as much as 55% of the total isolates. General colonial appearance as observed on the culture media was as follows ; circular in shape with 1.5 to 5 mm in diameter, they were either flattened or slightly raised and were homogeneous in texture with smooth surface and periphery. In color they were either achromatic or pale yellow to yellow on E. M. B, T. S. I., Kligler and SS agar, pale pink or achromatic on Endo's and Christensen's media. It was characteristic of SS agar that a dark brown pigmentation occurred at the center of individual colonies of organis msproducing hydrogen sulfide in the medium and that rettgeri strains produced pale pink coloring there. The organisms were pleomorphic and, although greatly affected by age of culture, they were generally medium-siZed rods with stunt ends, measuring about 0.4-0.8μ×1.0-3.0μ. Of sugar fermenting reactions, it was especially noted that 23 out of 74 strains of Proteus morganii had the ability to ferment xylose. Development of the colonial swarming phenomenon was dependent upon the concentrations of agar in the medium used as well as upon the temperature applied. As to the swarming patterns, P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis assumed wave-like, and P, morganii and P. rettgeri assumed dendritic patterns. Apparently the former two speoies took swarming more reabily than the latter two. In P. mirabilis the bacterial film became tinged with bluish shade. Motility, flagellation and staining of the organisms were subject to the concentrations of medium and to the cultural temperature used, as alike the swarming phenomenon. Hemolysis was not observed on both human and rabbit bloods applying puncture inoculations on the plate. P. vurgalis. no pellicle was formed in bouillon by any member of the strains examined. Gelatin was liquefied in stratum only by P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis. Formation of hydrogen sulfide was observed in all strains of vulgaris and mirabilis and in 5 strains of morgaaii. General conclusions regarding the bacterial resistance against antibiotics as tested with "Sensitivity Tablets" from Roskilde Medical Company Ltd may be summarized as follows ; Streptomycin Chloromycetin Teramycin Streptothricin Auremmycin Penicillin.

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Comparative studies have been conducted on two separate groups of Staphylococcus strains isolated simultaneously from the saliva and infected root canals of the same individuals, with reference to their biological characteristics, pathogenicity and resistance toward antibiotics. No. 110 culture medium was used throughout the study for isolation. A total of 584 subjects being examined, 268 strains of the organisms were isolated from the saliva, 91 strains from the infected root canal, and among the total subjects only 53 yielded simultaneously from both sources a total of 123 strains. Of the 123 strains of organisms 64 deriving from the infected root canal consisted of 31 albus (25.2%), 30 aureus (24.2%) and 3 citreus (2.4%), and 33 strains deriving from the saliva comprised 33 aureus (27.0%), 22 albus (18%) and 4 citreus (3.2%) forms respectively. This indicated that predominant isolates from the root canal were albus strains and those from the saliva were aureus strains. Biological examinations on the 123 organisms revealed that 43 strains (67%) from the root canal and 46 strains (77%) from saliva fermented mannit and coagulated blood plasma while 19 strains (79%) from the root canal and 10 strains (17%) from saliva did not ferment mannit but coagulated blood plasma. There were 2 strains (3%) from the root canal and 3 strains (5%) from saliva which fermented mannit but failed to coagulate blood plasma. Virulence on mice was tested using 20 representative strains selected respectively from members of both origins, and these were injected intracutaneously on the side of the animal. The results showed that all the strains from both origins except 2 from the infected root canal developed more or less positive toxic reactions. Strains totalling to as much as 95% of the root canal origin and 98% of the saliva origin developed resistance against penicillin at the concentration more than 0.0023 unit/ml, and 45% of the former and 54% of the latter origins developed resistance against chloromycetin at the concentration more than 0.185microgram/ml, and 48% of the former and 50% of the latter origins developed resistance against streptomycin at the concentration more than 0.98/ml. It was particularly noted that resistance toward higher concentrations of the drugs was always manifested by the strains from the infected root canal rather than from saliva, and even in the experiment of double and triple exposure of these drugs, far more numder of the root canal strains exhibited higher resistance against it than the saliva strains could afford.

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The various accidents occurred under school administration among the 82.130 primary and secondary school children in Tobata City during the 4 years from April, 1955 to March, 1958 were examined with the follwing conclusions. The results were shown by the frequency of accidents which were grouped under the following categories. 1. Schools, school year grade and sex. The frequency was lower in lower grade pupils both in primary and secondary schools, showing an increase with the rise of age. Especially in the second year grade pupils of the secondary schools, the frequency was the highest, the boys being 2 to 5 times as many as the girls. 2. The seasons, months, and the time and temperature of the day. The frequency was higher in September (13%) and October (17%), while at about 20℃ it was the highest. As for the days of the week, it was the highest on Fridays, showing decrease in the order given below. Wednes. Thurs. Mon. Tues. Sat. and Sun. As for the time of the day, it was the highest about noon, with decrease about early morning and evening hours. 3. The causes, actions, and places. Most of the causes of the accidents were violent falls while playing games in the playground both in school hours and in free hours at recess. 4. Parts of the body. First comes the upper limbs, then the head and the lower limbs. But, as for the trunk and the systematic internal diseases, the frequency was lower, Most of the injuries were wounds, fracture of bones and blows. In case of wounds, the laceration was the highest (29%), while in the fracture of bones the antebrachial one was the highest (5.3%), and in case of blows the sprains were the highest.

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A survey was conducted on the tooth health status in a group of children attending one of the grade schools in Yawata city, and the data obtained were compared with the comparable data obtained by Ninomiya in 1951 for Kokura city children and in 1958 by Shigyo for Saga city children. The results were summarized as folIows. 1) Average number of existing deciduous teeth The number in Yawata male children exceeded that in the female children, but was smaller than the number in Kokura city children of both sexes and that in Saga city female children. There was no difference between the groups of male children in Yawata and Saga cities in this respect. 2) Average number of erupted permanent teeth The number in Yawata city female children was larger than that in Yawata city male children and also larger than that in Kokura city children of both sexes. Yawata city male children had more teeth as compared to Saga city children of both sexes. However in the female sex there was scarcely difference between two city groups. 3) Morbidity rate of decayed deciduous teeth The rate was higher in the male than in the female in Yawata city children, and this was also higher than the one found in Kokura city children of both sexes. Comparison between Yawata and Saga groups revealed that the rates were almost identical with the male sex, but that with the female sex the rate in Saga city was higher than tnat in Yawata city. 4) Average number of def teeth The number in Yawata city male childten was larger than that in the female, and among groups of Yawata and Kokura cities Yawata male children had more def teeth than Kokura male children while Kokura female children had slightly more def teeth than Yawata female children. Among groups of Yawata and Saga cities, the Saga groups of both sexes had more def teeth than the corresponding Yawata groups. 5) Morbidty rate of decayed permanent teeth The rate in Yawata female children was larger than in Yawata male children and this Yawata male rate was slightly higher than Kokura male rate. In the female there was hardly difference between two cities. Comparison between Yawata and Saga city groups showed that the rate in Yawata city female was higher than that tn Saga city female while there was scarcely difference between the male groups of both cities. 6) The average number of DMF teeth The number in the female was larger than that in the male in Yawata city, and the numbers for both sexes in this city were smaller than those in Kokurs city. Among Yawata and Saga city groups there was scarcely difference between the male groups, while Yawata female group had more DMF teeth than Saga female group.

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The author reported in parevious paper that Placenta-Plasma was a promising remedy to pyorrhea alveolaris in patients. In this report, I examined the effects of Placenta-Plasma to experimental pyorrhea alveolaris in dogs. Male and female healthy 18 dogs (from 1.5 to 6 years old) were used for this experiment and these dogs divided into following 6 groups. [table] - …… 7 gr per kilogram of sugur added to normal diet every day. …… …… sugur free (normal diet). 〓 …… 2cc of Placenta-Plasma injected intramusclary every three days (twenty times). The results obtained were as follows ; 1) The percentages of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophilic leucocytes of healthy 18 dogs were less than 6% and mean value was 2.2%. 2) In groups of sugur diet, from about the 5th day the percentages of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophilic leucocytes began to increase and on the 21th day, every percentage became more than phisiological range, on the 90th day mean value of percentages was 20.3%. 3) In groups of sugur diet, from the 10th day giviva began to show symptoms of gigivicis, and on abont the 90th day parodontium of every case showed symptom of pyorrhea alveolaris. 4) Parodontium of the 1st group showed patho-histologically inflammatary cells ifniltration in propria, in inner epithels, and in pus pockcts, and degeneration or resorption of alveolar bones. Furthermore, metabolic disturbances or halisteresis of costal bones and costal carilages, hyperplasia of Langerhans' Islands and degenerative atrophy of heart muscles were seen. 5) In the 2nd group, these findings became slighter, and the percentages of alkaline phosphatse decreased slightly. 6) In the 3rd group, every findings became severer tham that of the Ist group. 7) In the 4th group, the percentages of alkaline phosphase became almost normal and parodontium became clinically and patho-histologically quite normal. Findings of cther parts bacame also quite normal. 8) In the 5th group, the percentages of alkaline phosphatase became quite normal, and parodontium became clinically and patho-histologically quite normal. Findings of other parts became also quite uormal. 9) Judging from these results above mentined, Plasenta-Plasma is a promising and essential remedy to experimental pyorrhea alveolaris. 10) These experimental results accord with that of human pyorrha alveolaris in the previous report.

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