The author has studied by experiments with electric stimulation on the physiological properties of ciliary epithelium and its motor nerve in the palate of frog (Rana nigromaculata) under which the experiment have been done being 18∿23℃. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Threshold curve of motor nerve is somewhat higher than that of ciliary cell. The measurement of the latter curve was done after the nerve-ciliary cell junction was blocked by application of atropine-Ringer's solution. The rheobase of ciliary cell was 0.60∿0.86 volt and chronaxie was 0.55∿0.40 msec. The rheobase of ciliomotor nerve was 1.30∿1.70 volt and chronaxie was 1.20∿0.75 msec. 2. No differences were detectable in the thresholds obtained with the normal palate ciliary mucous mebrane and regenerating ciliary mucous membrane. 3. For ciliary cell "accommodation" slope was 18.71 and "accommodation" time (λ) was 54.43 msec. For ciliomotor nerve "accommodation" slope was 36.3 and "accommodation" time (λ) was 27.52 msec. 4. Ciliary cell of the palate mucous membrane is ordinarily quiescent. The cilia start moving by the stimulus from its motor nerve or by the direct stimulus from exterior to the cell. The endurance of the reactive movement to a single effective stimulus was 4.5∿5.5 seconds. The endurance did not change with the intensity of stimulus given. 5. The subliminal stimulus could attain threshold by the summation of local potential. This was shown to occur both in ciliary cell and its motor nerve by giving stimulus in suitable succession. 6. Presence of refractory period could be seen in the excitation by stimulus in both the ciliary cell and ciliomotor nerve, but exact numerical data could not be obtained.

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This study aims the developmental area of the teeth, alveolus and upper lip in cleft lip and palate, and the other facial clefts. This study includes 142 patients with cleft lip and palate who visited the First Department of Oral Surgery in Kyushu Dental College in the years 1966-1969, and especially three cases of pseudo median cleft lip (arhinencephalia and its subtype) and one case of oblique facial cleft, suggesting developmental area of the teeth, alveolus and upper lip. The observation of references between cleft jaw and upper dental arch, between cleft and fissural tooth shape and form of upper lip were made. The results of these observations are as follows : 1. In reference between cleft jaw and upper dental arch, congenital fissure basically found between central incisor and lateral incisor. Comparing the first dentition with the secondary dentition, in the first dentition, it very often shows supernumeraries of the cleft area and in the secondary dentition missing tooth in the cleft area. 2. Relating to the fissural teeth shape, in the first dentition the fissural tooth has lateral incisor shape as its basic pattern, but in the secondary dentition it very often shows the conical shaped tooth. 3. In the secondary dentition, the differences of both dentitions are thought to be affected by the factors of the acquired environment which shows that the tooth bud of the cleft area is situated near the end of cleft jaw with the hypo-developmental growth in the period of jaw growing. While in the first dentition, the affect of the cleft is thought to act as atavism. 4. In the developmental area of the teeth, the central incisor is formed by the incisor bone derived from the processus nasalis medialis and the lateral incisor is formed by the incisor bone derived from the processus nasalis lateralis. In this occasion, the alveolar component of processus nasalis lateralis has originally growth potential of two teeth, then it seems that its growth potential is easily influenced, positively or negatively, by developmental disturbances. 5. In the developmental area of upper lip, the elements of processus nasalis lateralis are thought to be strongly concerned in the form of upper lip, concluded by the cleft lip and palate and suggestive clinical cases.

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According to Hirakawa and his associates, the healthy bone chips obtaind from areas surrounding osseous lesion of the mandible and alveolar bone were used to fill defects following enucleation of bone lesions. But they didn't applied to malignant tumors because to be in danger of transportation and survival of tumorous cells. Author supposed to this unsolved problem that the transportation and survival of tumorous cells were suppressed by X-ray irradiation and tried follwing experimental research. Bone block and bone chips after 5000R single irradiation were immediately transplanted into the artificial bony cavity in dog's mandible. Author reported the roentogenologic and histopathological observation which revealed the process of the healing. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. From 7-10days to 20-30days after operation, resorption of implants was observed both in bone block group and bone chips group. Further atrophy and disappearance of osteocytes of the implant was more seen in irradiated case than control case. 2. Immature bone formation in bone chips group appeared at about 20days after operation and it was seen early in comparison with bone block group. Moreover vigorous neogenesis of bone fused and surrounded gradually the implants and led to the restoration of the bony defect. The bony healing carried out almost in 60days and accomplished perfectly in 120days after operation, but the healing process in irradiated case was late for time each steps compare with control case. 3. The healing process of the dog's retransplanted mandibular pieces after 5000R single irradiation showed to be similar to the findings of control case with slight delay for time. Author recognized that the irradiated mandibular pieces played the part of implant material finally.

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