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Volume 36 (2005 - 200･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 187-
- Issue 3 Pages 137-
- Issue 2 Pages 87-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 36, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Application instances in ChinaShumei ZHAO, Tomoharu YAMAGUCHI, Chengwei MA, Baoming LI, Shuhai LI2005 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: June 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA pad and fan cooling system was introduced into China in the 1980s. Recently, this cooling system is noticed again accompanying large number of construction of the large-scale greenhouse in China. In this paper, the authors discuss the cooling effect of the pad and fan system on the greenhouse thermal environment under the climate conditions of Beijing, high temperature and dry humidity area, and Shanghai, high temperature and humid area, in China. Observed and analyzed data show the following results.
The average temperature decreases of inflow air through the pads are 6.1°C and 5.8°C, respectively, and the maximum ones are 12.6°C and 7.7°C, respectively, in Beijing and Shanghai. The average temperature decreases of inside air from outside temperature are 3.6°C and 2.7°C, respectively and the maximum ones are 10.0°C and 4.2°C, respectively, in Beijing and Shanghai. The temperature inside the greenhouses do not exceed 30-32°C which is the design criteria by ASAE. Thus, it is considered that the pad cooling method is applicable in both regions. The cooling efficiencies of the pads are 0.78 to 0.79, which are not affected by cooling water temperature, air-velocity across the pad and utilization period of the pads. There are temperature rises of 0.06 °C/m in Beijing greenhouse and 0.11°C/m in Shanghai greenhouse between inlet and outlet air. Higher temperature rise in Shanghai greenhouse are caused with higher inside solar radiation and the existence of the interior shading curtain.View full abstractDownload PDF (3877K) -
The detection of blood spots in white-shelled eggs using visible spectroscopyYoshihiko USUI, Kazuhiro NAKANO, Jun MIZUTANI2005 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: June 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a method by which blood spots can be detected using visible spectroscopy, instead of the usual candling method which employs the naked human eye. The determination was made using the wavelength absorbance data for the hemoglobin in the blood spots of the eggs. As a result, the discrimination ratio for normal eggs and eggs containing blood spots was 100% and 83.0%, respectively. PLS regression analysis was performed with the explanatory variable within the wavelength range from 500 to 600nm. When predictions were made for unexamined specimens from three different production areas, the discrimination ratio for normal eggs was 100%, and that for eggs with blood spots was 96.8%. The results suggest that PLS regression is an effective method for predicting eggs with blood spots.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Shumei ZHAO, Tomoharu YAMAGUCHI, Norihiro HOSHI, Takeshi KUROYANAGI, B ...2005 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 17-26
Published: June 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacteristics of air-velocity and temperature distribution were discussed in the pad and fan cooling greenhouse by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, in which term “volume porosity” and “surface permeability” virtually presenting the distributed solids such as the porous cooling pad were introduced into three dimensional, non-isothermal, turbulent κ-ε models.
The calculated results were validated by comparing with the observed data in the real flower culture greenhouse, and then the vertical and horizontal air distributions within the greenhouse were analyzed by using the visualized drawings.View full abstractDownload PDF (3351K) -
Effect of leachate obtained from methanogenesis on acidogenesisWei Zhong JIANG, Yutaka KITAMURA, Takehito SHIINA, Baoming LI, Takaaki ...2005 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 27-36
Published: June 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of leachate from a methanogenic process concerning acidogenic performance in a cascade process utilizing a rotational drum fermentation system (RDFS) were evaluated. Using fresh soybean meal as substrates, two process configurations represented as Cascade processes 1 and 2 were employed to perform the experimental estimation. Higher apparent first-order hydrolysis rate constants for Cascade processes 1 and 2 were obtained following the addition of leachate, however occupying ratios of acetic acid decreased whereas propionic acid and butyric acid ratios increased in both acidogenic processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1070K) -
Shintaroh OHASHI, Kazuhiro NAKANO2005 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 37-45
Published: June 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn researching the heat-releasing mechanisms of greenhouses in snowy and cold areas, the heat characteristics, such as the heat loss coefficient, over-all heat transfer coefficient and ventilation heat transfer coefficient, can be very effective factors. However, they are subject to the changes of covering methods, heating methods and operating conditions and so on. These characteristics must be minutely calculated in pursuit of enhancing energy-saving capacities or reducing the heating cost. In this paper, the heat characteristics of the greenhouse are calculated based on the results obtained from the measured values of meteorological parameters, inner and outer wall temperatures and so on. The present state and the feature of the temperature management of the greenhouse in snowy and cold areas were discussed using above heat characteristics. As a result, the following has become clear:
(1) The proportion of the over-all heat transfer, ventilation heat transfer, and soil heat transfer to total heating load was 46%, 46%, and 8%, respectively.
(2) The heat loss coefficient of the greenhouse was 8.18kJ·h-1·m-2·K-1, over-all heat transfer coefficient was 8.05kJ·h-1·m-2·K-1 and ventilation heat transfer coefficient was 0.13kJ·h-1·m-2·K-1.
(3) It was proved that the greenhouse used in this study was an airtight one.
(4) In nighttime, the actual amount of heat supply in greenhouse was almost the same as the value calculated from the heating load using degree-hour method. However, the value of the amount of heat supply in daytime was up to 3.6 times as much as the calculated value.
(5) The features of the temperature management or issues of enhancing energy-saving cultivation were pointed out by analyzing the data measured in the greenhouse in snowy and cold areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (2457K) -
Study on the compost made of dairy caw manure and shredding barkTakeki MAEDA, Miyako ONO, Shigenao KAWAI2005 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 47-53
Published: June 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of material temperatures on decomposition and nitrogen conversion during compost maturing was investigated using a commercial compost made of dairy caw manure and shredding bark. After adjustment of compost moisture at 50%w.b., maturing process was carried out in 4L of crossed reactor with a small airflow for 8 weeks.
The oxygen consumption rate became maximum 0.3 day after the start of incubation, and the maximum values were higher in due order of the temperature of 60°C, 40°C, 25°C. Cumulative oxygen consumption and decomposition rate of volatile matter became larger as the higher temperature. Total nitrogen in the initial compost was 12.8gN·kg-1, and it consisted 99% of organic nitrogen. During this maturing process, ammoniacal nitrogen increased at 60°C, and nitric nitrogen increased at 40°C and 25°C. Nitric nitrogen in the matured compost at 40°C was 1.44gN·kg-1, and it formed 10% of total nitrogen. As the results, the convertibility of organic nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen was also affected by temperature during compost maturing.View full abstractDownload PDF (2494K)
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