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Volume 44 (2013)
- Issue 4 Pages 167-
- Issue 3 Pages 100-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
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Volume 44, Issue 1
Vol. 44, No. 1 (Ser. No. 136)
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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-Investigation on Continuous Heating of Rapeseed using the Rectangular Waveguide Microwave Applicator-Hitoshi KATO, Yuichi KOBAYASHI, Wataru IIJIMA, Kazuhiro TAKEKURA, Kazu ...2013 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWe built a prototype rectangular-waveguide microwave applicator to heat rapeseed in a continuous process for the pre-treatment of rapeseed for oil expression in a press. The short-circuit plate of the waveguide was moved back and forth by a quarter of the guide wavelength at a frequency of 0.5 Hz to form an oscillating electric field in the applicator. While the plate was being moved, the rapeseed was irradiated. This method could heat rapeseed up to 115 ± 4 ℃ continuously at a throughput of 35 kg/h. In the following oil expression test, with a choke opening of 7.5 mm, the oil recovery rate increased from 22.6 % without heating to 28.4 %. The acid value and oxidative stability of the oil showed no major changes, and the content of chlorophyll tended to be higher. These results show that the technique is effective as a pre-treatment for oil expression with a small-scale press.View full abstractDownload PDF (2434K) -
Gou NOGUCHI2013 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 7-13
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn this study, the flesh of 406 three-way cross hybrid pigs was prepared for tests performed in the laboratory to examine the influence of nutrient intake on the fatty acid composition of pork back fat. Pigs for fattening weighed 65 kg at the beginning of the tests and 112 kg at the end. Results showed the average value of 5-6 pigs for each feeding group was 77 pigs. Nutrient intake during the study period included 2 249 g/d of total digestible nutrients (TDN), 399 g/d of protein, 111 g/d of crude fat and 1 794 g/d of nitrogen free extracts (NFE). Individual fatty acids were palmitic 18.3 g/d, stearic acid 5.2 g/ d, oleic acid 37.9 g/d, linoleic acid 43.7 g/d and endogenous fatty acids 61.4 g/ day. NFE, crude fat, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid showed significant correlations between the fatty acid compositions of body fat and intake of nutrients. Especially linoleic acid intake was significantly related to the fatty acid composition of body fat. Increasing the intake of linoleic acid, increased linoleic acid in the body fat and conversely decreased endogenous fatty acids. If the intake of linoleic acid was less then 45 g/d, C18:2/C18:0 composition did not change and showed very little effect was seen in hardness of the fat. However, even with reduced intake of linoleic acid, the essential fatty acid linoleic acid accumulated to 7 % in the body fat. On the other hand, TDN and crude protein intake did not correlate with fatty acid composition of body fat.View full abstractDownload PDF (1392K) -
Gen YOSHIDA, Ikko IHARA, Kiyohiko TOYODA, Kazutaka UMETSU2013 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 14-21
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSEffect of pretreatment by electrochemical oxidation on anaerobic digestion of waste milk and dairy manure was investigated in this study. Dairy farming discharges waste milk with dairy wastewater from a milking parlour. Anaerobic digestion is a major treatment method for manure and wastewater in livestock area. Milk fat is considered to be the main limiting component of the kinetics of dairy waste anaerobic digestion. It is known that the long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) that are formed during the biodegradation of milk fat inhibit anaerobic bacteria. We discussed the effect of electrochemical oxidation as a pretreatment process on anaerobic digestion of waste milk. Concentrations of LCFAs in milk were decreased by electrochemical treatment using a DSA anode. The inhibition was observed on anaerobic digestion with 50 % inoculum, 35 % dairy manure and 15 % non-pretreated milk. The methane production was increased on anaerobic digestion by electrochemical treatment of milk using a DSA. The results suggested that anaerobic biodegradability for waste milk was improved by electrochemical oxidation using DSA.View full abstractDownload PDF (2064K) -
Takahiro NODA, Yasuyuki HIDAKA, Mio YOKOE, Waichiro MATSUDA, Daisuke W ...2013 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 22-29
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSFor the energy saving of grain drying by the recirculating batch dryer, we designed the grain drying system for 500 kg of recirculating batch dryer using heat pump. The main structure of this system is that the hot air for the grain dryer was generated by the CO2 refrigerant heat pump water heater and the water-to-air heat exchanger. The chief characteristic of this system is that the system has a hot water storage tank, and the stored hot water acts as a heat-storage medium for grain drying. For the continuous grain drying even in a defrost period, we attempted to use the stored hot water and avoid the trouble due to the frequency of frost and defrost concerned in a low- temperature condition.For paddy drying, the drying speed was 1.0 %w.b./h, which is comparable to that of the conventional recirculating batch dryer using a kerosene burner. The increasing of cracking did not occur at a high level. The specific energy consumption was 2.6 MJ/kg-H2O, and the CO2 emission per 1 kg of moisture extraction was 3.1×10-4 t-CO2/kg-H2O, which are 54 % and 23 % lower than that of an average recirculating batch dryer using a kerosene burner, respectively. The average of ambient temperature was 15.4 ℃ and COP of the heat pump unit was 3.2. Our results confirm that our system can maintain the conventional operating efficiency, and at the same time, it can cut energy consumption and contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, providing the energy saving performance of the heat pump.View full abstractDownload PDF (2075K)
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