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Volume 40 (2009)
- Issue 4 Pages 219-
- Issue 3 Pages 159-
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 40, Issue 1
Vol. 40, No. 1 (Ser. No. 121)
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Yongyu LI, Keitaro SUZUKI, Kenichi OHTSUBO, Kaoru KOHYAMA, Keo INTABO ...2009 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 14, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn this study, Japanese Yumetoiro was used as materials for rice noodles. The endothermic property (Differential scanning calorimetry) and the dynamic viscoelastic property of rice noodles refrigerated for 0 day, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days are discussed. Results showed that After refrigeration, two endothermic peaks were found, in 43 ℃ and 61 ℃ respectively, and the 0 day's refrigerated rice noodles has just one endothermic peak in 61 ℃. Besides, the Storage moduli (G') and loss moduli (G") of cooked rice noodles which was in the refrigeration for 1 day, 2 days, and 4 days respectively were all much higher than 0 day refrigerated one. It indicated that the refrigerated rice noodle had a harden feeling. The enthalpies for re-gelatinization did not differ significantly among three processes of 1 day, 2 days and 4 days refrigeration. No obvious difference of Storage moduli (G') and loss moduli (G ") among three refrigeration rice noodles is discovered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1395K) -
Jing LIU, Yuan LI, Ji LI, Zhenya ZHANG, Norio SUGIURA2009 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 7-18
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 14, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe object of this study was to optimize the aqueous ammonia pretreatment of rice straw for maximum sugar yields by enzymatic hydrolysis, with respect to ammonia concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature, time, and particle size. The experiment was based on uniform design, the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated rice straw varied from 21.2 % to 74.2 %, and the ratio of delignification varied from 12.2 % to 80.9 % at different experiment conditions according to uniform design. The optimum pretreatment conditions for sugar yields from rice straw were 170 ℃, 23 % ammonia water, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25. At this optimum condition, 56 % removal of lignin was obtained and the enzymatic digestibility increased to 87 % with the enzyme loading of 15 FPU/g-glucan. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the concentration of ammonia had the most significant effect on the sugar yield. The significance of parameters that affected sugar yield was ranked in the following order: CN (Ammonia concentration) > Tm (temperature) > VN (liquid-to-solid ration) > t (Reaction time) > d (Particle size).View full abstractDownload PDF (2340K) -
- Degradation of ammonia and control of trihalomethane production -Jingxun CUI, Kumiko MIYOSHI, Motoo UTSUMI, Zhenya ZHANG, Norio SUGIURA2009 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 14, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWaste brine water which was supplied by Nippoh Chemicals Co. contains more than 200 mg/L of ammonia, which can be removed by electrochemical treatment of the water. During the treatment process, some of the chloride contributes to the degradation of ammonia, and the remaining chloride leads to the production of trihalomethanes (THMs). In this study, we investigated the effects of various cathode materials and controlled electrode potentials on ammonia degradation and suppression of THMs production. Stainless steel (SUS), Pt, Cu, a Cu and carbon complex (C/Cu), and carbon (C) were used as cathode materials. The SUS cathode, which was widely used until now, had the highest THMs production rate of 5.4 × 10-4 mg·L-1·C, and the lowest current efficiency of 23.3 %. The C/Cu electrode showed the highest current efficiency (36.9 %), and the THM production rate was as low as 4.3 × 10-4 mg·L-1·C. In addition, the C/Cu electrode was the best for removal of total nitrogen: the removal ratio reached 87.3 % in 47 minutes. The results of this study may provide useful information for ammonia removal from agricultural drainage.View full abstractDownload PDF (2072K) -
Ji LI, Xiaoyan ZU, Haitao CHE, Guihua ZHANG, Yingnan YANG, Norio SUGIU ...2009 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 14, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSTo recycle and reuse food wastes, soybean curd residue (SCR) and wet corn distillers' grain (WDG) were used as substrates in Bacillus subtilis fermentation to extract nattokinase (NK). The extract conditions of Natto-NK, as well as the fibrinolytic activity of SCR-NK, WDG-NK and Natto-NK were investigated. It was showed that the highest Natto-NK yield could reach 0.108 g per 150 g Natto (wet), when extract conditions were involved with saline (0.9 %) 375 ml, (NH4)2SO4 30 g and the ratio of 3/4 between ethanol and saline. After fibrin hydrolysis for 4 h, both hydrolyzed areas of SCR-NK and WDG-NK were 49 mm2 in one hole, consistent with that of Natto-NK. Apart from this, as a result calculated according to the dried substrate, the SCR-NK yields (0.415 g / 150 g) were significantly higher than Natto-NK yields (0.270 g / 150 g). Moreover, SCR-NK (1.3 fibrinolytic unit/ml (FU/ml)) showed superior activity compared with that of Natto-NK, although there was no statistics difference. Our results suggested that SCR could be regarded as a promising fermentation source for NK production.View full abstractDownload PDF (1891K) -
Atsuo IKEGUCHI, Limi OKUSHIMA2009 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 35-46
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 14, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDiseases and the hygiene of livestock are major concerns in the animal industry. Pathogens or virus aerosol spread by airflow, and it is therefore essential to understand the dispersion of contaminants and transfer between livestock buildings. The aim of this study was to investigate contaminant invasion from a gas emitting room to other rooms and the contaminant dispersion properties from the emitting building. To achieve these aims, wind tunnel model experiments under non-isothermal, steady state conditions were performed for an enclosed, two layer flat floor broiler house. Ethylene gas was used as a contaminant. The contaminant quantity of the invaded rooms was significantly influenced by the contaminant emitting location and the separation distance between the windward building and the leeward building. When the emitting room was the ground floor in the windward building and the separation distance was 4 × H (ridge height), the quantity of contaminant invading the rooms was the smallest, less than a level of 10-3 to the generated rate. The contaminant could be transferred into the windward building even though the emitting building was the leeward building and the transferred quantity was larger at 10-2 order to the generated rate than that when the emitting building was the windward building. Likewise, the outside contaminant dispersion property was significantly affected by the emitting location and separation distance. The average dispersion intensity below 2 times ridge height was the smallest at 0.095 when the emitting room was the ground floor in the windward building and the separation distance was 4 × H.View full abstractDownload PDF (3106K) -
Rui WANG, Tomoharu YAMAGUCH, Shumei ZHAO, Norihiro HOSHI2009 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 47-55
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 14, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMany studies have confirmed the cooling efficiency of the pad and fan cooling system, however, few have systematically studied cooling performance at the point of characteristics and air-distribution efficiency. In this study, the field measurement of a large-scale commercial pad and fan greenhouse was carried out. The pad and fan cooling greenhouse was kept in a relative favorable state in such a hot summer, that is, the average inside air temperature at noon was under 28 ℃ and the average evaporative cooling efficiency of pad was 75 %. The distribution of airflow velocity combined with operations of fans was monitored. It can be easily observed that the air velocity was relatively low and the maximal airflow velocity was about 1 m/s. It also can be found the airflow was in an uneven distribution due to the function of cooling system and plant canopy. The distribution of air temperature with the process of time in greenhouse was monitored. The non-uniform characteristic of air temperature distribution was clarified not only in horizontal direction but also in horizontal direction. The temperature rises in horizontal and vertical directions of the greenhouse were 2 to 5 ℃ and 0.8 to 5 ℃, respectively. The latent heat and sensible heat was affected by weather conditions. The total value of latent heat and sensible heat in sunny days approached to 5 MJ/m2 and was greater than that in cloudy day. In addition, in sunny days the latent to sensible heat ratio was over 0.6 and was greater than that in cloudy days.View full abstractDownload PDF (2171K) -
Kazuhiro NAKANO, Takako AIDA, Digui YANG, Shintaroh OHASHI, Qingyun CH ...2009 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 57-65
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 14, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe price of netted melon varies with its quality in Japan. It is very difficult to control the soil moisture precisely in various growing stages of melon cultivation, because irrigation management in a greenhouse needs know-how and judgment of practical farmer. Irrigation management has a very important influence on the quality of melon; especially it is more difficult in case of sandy soil. In this study, a Fuzzy decision-making irrigation system, which was developed using the know-how extracted from a practical farmer, was compared with an On-off control system and a conventional manual irrigation by a practical farmer. The experimental crop was netted melon which cultivated in a greenhouse with sandy soil. The irrigation amount was controlled by the target ranges of various stages of netted melon. In the Fuzzy control area, the variation of soil moisture content was predicted by Fuzzy rules based on various climate values, such as solar radiation, soil moisture, inside temperature of greenhouse and atmospheric pressure. In the On-off control area, the only irrigation index was that whether soil moisture was lower than the lowest target range or not. Compared to the Manual irrigation by a farmer, the water-saving coefficients in the Fuzzy control and the On-off control were 48.7 % and 16.5 %, respectively. The qualities of melon cultivated in the Fuzzy control, sugar content and grade of exterior appearances, were almost the same as that of the On-off control or Manual irrigation. As the result, the Fuzzy irrigation system for netted melon cultivation in greenhouse is very valuable, and the multiple farmers can save working hour, labor and irrigation water in the busy summer season.View full abstractDownload PDF (2012K)
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