The control techniques of practical charcoaling were considered based on measurement data and the carbonization process. The measurement data included amount of moisture, amount of tar and flow flux of the exhaust fumes from the chimney outlet. The results were as follows:
(1) The transition judgment from the 1st stage to the 2nd stage was confirmed by a change in the heating rate from negative to positive in the upper part of the kiln. Charcoaling know-how is the act of reducing the amount of ventilation in response to this.
(2) The transition judgment from the 2nd stage to the 3rd stage was confirmed by a reduction in the amount of moisture and tar in the exhaust gas. Charcoaling know-how is the act of extending the opening area of the chimney outlet in response.
(3) It is possible to control the carbonization time during the transition period from the 2nd stage to the 3rd stage by controlling the ventilation rate. At this stage it is important for uniform quality in charcoal production and for maintenance of the charcoal production quantity that the temperature in the upper and central parts of the kiln be maintained close to 500°C, and that the chimney outlet be extended in order to cancel the carbonization delay in the lower part of the kiln.
(4) The transition judgment from the 3rd stage to the 4th stage was confirmed by the equalization of the temperature in the kiln. Charcoaling know-how was the act of opening of the chimney outlet in response.
(5) It is more efficient if the latent heat of the exhaust fumes from the chimney outlet is recovered. In addition, to recover exhaust heat out of kiln consistently, it is more effective to use a number of charcoal kilns under time-lag control based on the parameters of transition from the 2nd stage to the 3rd stage.
From these results, control techniques of practical charcoaling can be quantitatively obtained. These are important parameters to systematize the utilization of exhaust heat from charcoal kilns.

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Air with oscillation may move through a plant canopy easily. In order to study this air movement and its effect on evapotranspiration, the air movement in a closed box and its effect on evapotranspiration from a tomato seedling was investigated, as a first step. Air oscillations of 0, 5, 15, and 24Hz were examined. The air velocity and the resulting evapotranspiration from the tomato seedlings inside the box were highest at 15Hz oscillations. The evapotranspiration rate was correlated to the resulting air velocity, but not to the oscillation frequency. At oscillation frequencies of 5, 15, and 24Hz, the transpiration resistance (water vapor diffusion resistance from a tomato seedling to the air) was proportional to the inverse of the square root of the air velocity. Evaporation resistances from the rooting medium exposed to air oscillations were 1.5-2 times greater compared to the resistances from the same rooting medium exposed to fan-generated air movement at the same velocity. The transpiration resistance from the tomato seedlings was the same whether the seedlings were exposed to air oscillations or fan-generated air movement at the same velocity.

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This study investigated sorting performance and sorting characteristics using a green soybean-sorting bench. The green soybean-sorting bench was evaluated for use at farmers' facilities.
The bench is 70cm. It reduces bending and movement, which improves the final sorting. The type B sorting bench shape was a better than the other type because it was made of a gray polyvinyl chloride plate and provided a wider sorting space with a hand range of 20cm. Furthermore, workers who used the type B sorting bench gave it higher evaluations than they gave to other sorting bench designs. Farmers who used the type B sorting bench increased their rate of sorting by 71%. The bench was evaluated as easy to use by 85% of users.

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The pretreatment method utilizing microwave was developed to improve the oil expression and the oil storage quality in the oil expression facilities. The method was examined by oil expression rate, Acid Value variation and microstructure of rapeseed.
Moisture content of rapeseed influences its dielectric loss factor. According to the results, when moisture content of rapeseed was high, dielectric loss factor of rapeseed and energy loss of microwave in rapeseed were high. For the oil expression rate, the rapeseed heated to the range of 120°C to 145°C by microwave outputted more oil than that heated by the roaster or without heating. The Acid Value variation of the oil from the rapeseed treated by microwave was lower than that heated by the roaster or without heating. The Acid Value of the oil from the rapeseed treated by microwave kept 3mg KOH/g after 120d under 45°C. Microwave treatment was found to have the effect of breaking the microstructure in rapeseed grain by the electron scanning microscopy. That seems to have a relation with a higher oil expression rate.

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This study seeks to develop a biological deodorizing system for low-concentration offensive odor gases such as air ventilated from livestock houses. In this study, the authors first examined the effects of temperature and relative humidity of intake air on the temperature of deodorizing materials and the watering method to decrease the quantity of water discharged from the deodorization tank. They then examined how to improve removal of ammonia and decomposition of nitrogen components. The temperatures of deodorizing materials were decreased by the latent heat of vaporization due to the passage of air through the deodorization tank. The intake air thus required humidification as well as heating when temperature control of deodorizing materials was required. The authors added a humidifying device to the deodorizing testing device for temperature control and controlled the quantity of watering to decrease the amount of water discharged. A testing device was employed to investigate the deodorization ability of about 20ppm of ammonia gases. The decomposition efficacy was stabilized during the experiment period, and the ammonia removal efficiencies were ranged from 70 to 80%. This process was also able to decompose 57% of the nitrogen components by biological nitrification and denitrification.

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To understand the failure mode of rain shelters and to estimate the wind design loading condition for rain shelters, the author analyzed three grape rain shelters destroyed by strong wind. Results of the field survey from the view points of structural and wind engineering leads to the following conclusions:
1. The major causes of collapse under strong wind were the pulling out of the column or the joint failure at the beam-column joint or the beam-arc pipe joint. There were only a few columns bent directly by the wind load. There were a few arc pipes bent due to failure of the beam-column joint. Therefore, for the rain shelter under strong wind, it is clear that the uplift forces are much larger than the horizontal wind loading. It seems to be acceptable to consider that there is only a small horizontal loading relative to uplift. It is reasonable that the rain shelter's structure be designed primarily for uplift load than horizontal load.
2. The wind force coefficient C_f for a rain shelter is different from that for greenhouse whose side wall is covered. In order to assist the development of reinforcement techniques and design for rain shelters, the C_f for rain shelters needs to be defined.
3. Rain shelters constructed on gentle slope were also destroyed. Local conditions should be considered for design, because the wind velocity on gentle slopes is faster than that on flat areas.

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