All issues
Volume 42 (2011)
- Issue 4 Pages 155-
- Issue 3 Pages 83-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 42, Issue 3
Vol. 42, No. 3 (Ser. No. 131)
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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-Improving Accuracy-Genta KANAI, Kazuhiro TAKEKURA, Hitoshi KATO, Yuichi KOBAYASHI, Ken-ic ...2011 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 83-91
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSCalculation Method I shows deviation from the results of the GIS simulation presented in Part 2. Therefore, we developed a method to improve the accuracy and checked it using GIS simulation. In calculation Method I-2, the shortest route length (SRL) was set to be as long as 1.2 times the straight distance (SD). The fastest route length (FRL) was set to be as long as 1.3 times SD. The calculated results of Method I-2 showed deviation. Based on results of the GIS simulation, they were more than 27% under the condition of collecting 50, 100, 200 kt of straw. Therefore, Method I-2 was found to be impractical. In calculation Method II-2, to adapt the calculation to the uneven distribution of the field in the area, we divided the area into concentric circles. Then we calculated the average distances from all doughnut-type areas to the facility used as a stockyard for straw and summed them up to determine the average distance travelled within area. Furthermore, SRL was set to be as long as 1.2 times the distance. FRL was set to be as long as 1.3 times the distance. Calculated results obtained using Method II-2 showed a small deviation based on results of the GIS simulation. The amount of fuel and trucks based on Method II-2 was able to support at least 98% of the planned collection of straw in the simulation of collecting 50, 100, 200 kt of straw. Method II-2 can be adopted for any area. However, we have not examined whether the value of the ratio of route length to straight distance, α=1.2 (SRL), α=1.3 (FRL), is a general value or not. Furthermore, the SRL was not compared with the real route length adopted by truck drivers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1688K) -
Shingo MIYAMOTO, Yosuke MINOWA, Fumihiko TANAKA2011 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 92-99
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe use of incinerated ash from sewage sludge as an alternative substrate for soilless culture was investigated. Incinerated ash was combined with charcoal powder to increase porosity and ceramic glaze to permit a lower incineration temperature, and the mixture was incinerated and used as an alternative substrate. The physical properties of the substrate were greatly influenced by the ratio of mixed materials; however, we aimed to develop a suitable product that could not only be used for soilless culture but that could be easily returned to the soil without becoming industrial waste. The optimal compounding ratio of materials was found to be 10: 1: 3 (incinerated ash from sewage sludge: ceramic glaze: charcoal powder) when burned at 850 °C. The average moisture content of samples was about 60 %, and the average hardness (compression load) was about 40 N. These physical properties are sufficient to endure the handling requirements of this product for plant culture. Tomatoes grown in soilless culture had identical growth rates and fruiting ratios when grown on rockwool and the incinerated ash mixture; however, the latter substrate resulted in tomatoes weighing 1.5 times that of tomatoes grown hydroponically on rockwool. At the end of culture, the physical properties of the substrates were examined. The moisture content of the incinerated ash mixture was 70 % and the average hardness was about 40 N, values sufficient to warrant re-use of the substrate for additional soilless culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1563K) -
Masayuki TANI, Taku KATO, Fumihito MIYATAKE, Masanori KOIKE, Ken TOKUY ...2011 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 100-108
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSPhysico-chemical properties and fertilizer components of distillation wastes, discharged from bio-ethanol production, were investigated to evaluate their potential for arable land application. In this study, characteristics of organic matter and dissolved humic substances in the distillation wastes and effects of waste application on crop growth and quality through pot experiment were also investigated. The distillation wastes from bio-ethanol production contained high concentration of fertilizer nutrients which might be available for crops as same as shochu distillation wastes, of which concentration and composition were distinctly influenced by raw materials. The wastes were also rich in easily decomposable organic matter, which could be biodegraded rapidly in soils, while they included a large amount of colored matter and humic substances in the liquid fraction, of which properties were strongly affected by raw materials and manufacturing processes. Waste application for spinach in the pot experiment indicated that the wastes were effective to supply alternative fertilizer nutrients. The inhibitive effects of the waste application on crop growth and quality were not observed. Subsequent effects of colored matter and humic substances on crop and environment, and alternative effects of the distillation wastes upon field application should be clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (3469K) -
Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA, Sinji HOSHIBA, Tetsuya ISHIDA, Mitsuhiro YOKOHAMA, ...2011 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 109-118
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSA simulation model was created based on measurement data gathered from joint-use-type biogas plants in operation. The effects of biogas utilization methods on energy balance during plant operation were compared quantitatively for cases in which a gas boiler, a combined heat and power supply (CHP) or a refining/compressing/filling device is used, to determine the most efficient biogas utilization method. The greenhouse gas emissions were also measured from the amounts of fossil energy input and methane in the off-gas discharged during refinement, to clarify the environmental burden. The results revealed that the energy production efficiency was the highest for biogas plants treating waste from 1 000 dairy cows using a CHP. The greenhouse gas emission was the smallest in the case using a CHP and the largest in the case using a refining/compressing/filling device. The greenhouse gas emission per GJ of output energy in the case of using a refining/compressing/filling device was more than ten times that of the case using a CHP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1910K) -
Yoichiro KOJIMA, Yoshiyuki ABE2011 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 119-125
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn this article, we describe the use of spent mushroom compost (SMC), which was dehydrated through a composting process, as a bulking agent. We studied SMC composting for 28 days using a 430-L reactor, and further assessed the potential of SMC as a bulking agent based on characteristics such as moisture content and volatile fatty acid content. We found that SMC could be dehydrated the moisture content of 37.8 %,w.b. in the composting process, which required only 19.8 % of the energy required by a fire dryer. Moreover, composted SMC as a bulking agent was more efficient in improving aeration than non-composted SMC; the total aeration required during the composting process was 57 % of that required by non-composted SMC. Further, composted SMC caused less plant growth inhibition compared with non-composted SMC.View full abstractDownload PDF (1849K)
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