In order to determine the relation between environmental factors, body surface temperature and wet coefficients for the saturated humidity ratio on body surface temperature, we evaluated the body surface temperature and amount of evaporation from the body surface using six Holstein cows and fifty-seven swines.
The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) Regarding the body surface temperature of cows, the air temperature was the most influential factor and the radiant heat load was the second for all body segmental surface temperatures. We also related the whole body surface temperature of the cow to its weight and thermal environment by the following equation: Y₁=-0.00173X₁+0.193X₂-24.8X₃-2.30X₄-0.00750X₅+36.0, where Y₁: whole body surface temperature of cow (°C), X₁: live weight (kg), X₂: air temperature (°C), X₃: humidity ratio of air (kg/kg'), X₄: air velocity (m/s), and X₅: radiant heat load (W/m²).
2) Regarding the body surface temperature of swines, the radiant heat load was the most influential for body surface temperature of the trunk, upper arm, forearm and head, and the air temperature had its largest influence on the thighs and legs. Between the whole body surface temperature of swine, the swine weight and thermal environments, the following equation was related: Y₂=-0.0243X₁-0.339X₂-87.6X₃-0.468X₄+0.121X₅-7.26 where Y₂: whole body surface temperature of swine (°C), X₁-X₅ is same as that meant in 1).
3) The wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on body surface temperature of cows was slightly higher in the neck and lower in the trunk compared to other body segments. In the hair during summer, the humidity ratio of air was the most influential and in the hair during winter, the humidity ratio of air, air temperature and radiant heat load influenced the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on body surface temperature of cows.
4) The wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the whole body surface temperature of cowwas related to cow's weight and thermal environment by the following equation: At air temperatures above 21°C and in hair during summer, Y₃=1.98×10^-5X₁-2.85×10^-3X₂+25.7X₃-1.90×10^-2X₄-1.71×10^-4X₅+0.202. At air temperatures under 21°C and in hair during winter, Y₃=7.64×10^-5X₁+5.69×10^-3X₂+31.1X₃-2.23×10^-2X₄-6.67×10^-4X₅+0.174, where Y₃: the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the whole body surface temperature of thecow, X₁-X₅ is same as that meant in 1).
5) In the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the body surface temperature of swine, the humidity ratio of air was the most influential regardless of the body segment.
6) And the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the whole body surface temperature of swine was related to swine's weight and thermal environment by the following equation: Y₄=2.78×10^-4X₁+5.87×10^-3X₂+28. 8X₃-3.04×10^-2X₄-2.05×10^-3X₅+0.722, where Y₄: the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the whole body surface temperature of swine, X₁-X₅ is same as that meantin 1).

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A basic study on auto-hydrolysis, i. e. saccharification, of wood biomass by using micro-wave irradiation was carried out for efficiently utilizing unusable wood biomass such as the waste produced in wood sawing process. As the result, the following information was obtained especially on heating temperature, irradiation time and particle diameter of wood powder.
(1) It was necessary for efficient saccharification to heat the powder over 160°C by using micro-wave irradiation.
(2) Heating time for efficient saccharification depended on the particle diameter of the powder, and heating time should be designed on the basis of the particle diameter.
(3) Irradiation energy for producing sugar stabilized at the lower value by heating over 180°C.

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A kinetic analysis of the standing and lying behaviors of cows was performed to obtain basic data to improve stalls. Three components of forces applied to the stall floor by a cow's hooves during movement, and the force applied by a cow to a stanchion or a neck chain were studied.
The results are summarized below:
1. The force applied by a cow to a stanchion when standing and lying was two to four times the force on a neck chain. The stanchion restricts cows more than the neck chain.
2. The vertical force applied by a cow's foreknee to the stall floor was about 40% of the cow weight.
3. Only the top of the hind hoof was in contact with the stall floor in some stance phases. The maximum pressure exerted by the hind hoof in these cases was several tens of kgf/cm². The surface of the stall floor must be soft enough to yield, and to increase slip-resistance when large pressures are applied.
4. When lying down, the cow's forefoot often slips to the back. To prevent such slips, the front part of the stall floor must avoid having a steep slope.

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An automatic livestock walk-through scale system consisting of a scale platform, an electronic indicator and an automatic animal spacer has been developed. The electronic indicator has been designed for use with the scale platform that incorporates load cells. The indicator uses a microprocessor which provides autotaring, data processing capabilities, and digital display of animal weight. The automatic animal spacer prevents the bunching up of animals beyond the spacer, and is used effectively in conjunction with the scale for obtaining accurate cattle body weight. Trials were undertaken using 10 dry cows and 11 beef cattle in order to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the system. The individual error value, accuracy and precision of measurement were within acceptable accuracy limit of ±1% of body weight, ±2kg and 5kg respectively when cattle walk through the scale platform with more than 2 steps. Some sources of measurement errors are discussed.

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In order to dry radish in cold season, a circulatory dehumidifying drying system in a greenhouse was developed and the water and heat balances in greenhouse were investigated. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) The amount of dehumidified water, M₁, reached at maxmimum of 2.0kg/h in the initial stage of the drying period, but it decreased step by step, as the vaporized water from the radish was decreased in the latter stage of the drying period. The calculated average value was found to be about 0.8kg/h. The relationship between M₁ in the region of 0.7-2.0kg/h and the consumptive electric power of the dehumidifier, W₁, was estimated by the following equation.
W₁=0.11exp (6.379M₁)
(2) The amount of dew condensation, M₂, inside the greenhouse changed with absolute humidity. The calculated maximum and average values were 3.2kg/h, 0.86kg/h respectively. The relationship between M₂ and absolute humidity was estimated by the following equation, and the moisture transfer coefficient, K_w, was assumed to be 13.8kg/[m²·h (kg/kg')].
M₂=933.3(X_in-X_cov)
X_in: Absolute humidity inside the greenhouse
X_cov: Absolute humidity at the surface temperature of covering material
(3) The relationship between M₂ and dew point temperature, T_D, inside greenhouse, surface temperature of covering material, T_cov, was investigated and derived equation is given as follows:
M₂=K_W·2.14×10^-4(T_D-T_cov){1+0.077(T_D-T_cov)}·A_s
Consequently, M₂ was able to be estimated by measuring of T_D and T_cov.
(4) The vaporized water from the radish was nearly equal to M₁+M₂, while M₁ was nearly equal to M₂. The water balance in greenhouse was consisting of these two factors and hardly affected by others. Therefore, it would be suggested that the circulatory dehumidifying drying system in the greenhouse can be used for drying of agricultural products in cold season.
(5) The amount of heat in the greenhouse was mainly charged by solar radiation, A_f·Q, and generating heat of the dehumidifier and fan, W₁+W₂, but in the night-time, only W₁+W₂ remained. Their average values were about 5, 000kcal/h, 2, 300kcal/h respectively. Although it would be expected that the amount of heat in the greenhouse is more charged by other heat, the amount of other heat was very small.
(6) The amount of heat in the greenhouse was mainly discharged as convective heat transfer, A_s·q, radiative heat transfer, A_f·S, and latent
heat transfer, ι·M₂. A_s·q maximized at 7, 400kcal/h in the day-time and averaged at 1, 500kcal/h in the night-time. A_f·S was stable at all-time and its average value was 680kcal/h. ι·M₂ maximized at 1, 900kcal/h but was nearly approaching to zero, due to humidity dropping inside the greenhouse in the latter stage of the drying period.
(7) In the heat balance in greenhouse, the amount of heat charged in greenhouse was dependent on A_f·Q at 70 percent in the day-time and W₁+W₂ at 95 percent in the night-time. The amount of heat discharged from the greenhouse was dependent on A_s·q at more than 60 percent in all-time.
(8) As a great amount of heat was transfered through the covering material of the greenhouse, it would be essential to discuss about more effective covering method and material of the greenhouse in order to improve the dehumidifying drying efficiency.

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A general principles mathematical model of a poultry house with a biological model of the laying hen was used to evaluate the effects of climate and housing characteristics on the economic returns derived during a 52 week production cycle. The model of the laying hen included effects of temperature on laying performance. Several geographic areas in Japan were analyzed for either enclosed high density housing, or open low density housing. It was found that the selection of inside target house temperature had a significant influence on the economic returns obtained from the house, suggesting that housing should be operated above the typical levels of 15°C now used. The use of evaporative cooling was shown to increase net economic returns by 200¥/(hen housed) for weather conditions typical of the Gifu area. The use of insulation was shown also to increase net economic return, compared to uninsulated housing, but this effect was primarily related only to radiant effects during summer periods.

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The change in quality of bananas ripened with an alcohol spray after an ethylene treatment were measured comparing with those of the bananas ripened with an ethylene treatment only. The possibility of a measurement in quality of bananas by an image processing system was also investigated.
The results were summarized as follows;
1) The sugar content and the color grade of the alcohol sprayed bananas were higher than those of the bananas which were treated with ethylene only.
2) The sugar content and the color grade of the bananas which were treated with 75% concentration of alcohol spray showed the highest values in all experimental conditions.
3) There was a high coefficient of correlation between sugar contents and the value of red in the chromatic coordinates of the banana skin.
4) There was a high coefficient of correlation between the color grade and the value of red in the chromatic co-ordinates of the banana skin.

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