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Volume 33 (2002 - 200･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 217-
- Issue 3 Pages 155-
- Issue 2 Pages 83-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 33, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Hirakazu SEKI2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: June 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a storage drying just after arrival of new grains of rice, a new type of bins with an auger for grain mixing has been recently developed in order to prevent the cracking of grains due to over-drying at the bottom part of bins. In this paper, a new mathematical model was proposed considering the probability density function of moisture content of grains in order to quantify the scattering of moisture content of grains in bins and effect of controlling its irregularity during the drying processes. This type of drying process proceeds with the repetition of two modes, static and mixing.
The calculated results of time course of the average moisture content of grains by the model agreed well with the experimental results. Furthermore, by comparing the calculated results of the standard deviation of moisture content of grains within a bin with the experimental results, it was shown that this model can predict well both an increase in scattering the moisture content with time in the static mode and a decrease in its scattering with time in the mixing mode.View full abstractDownload PDF (3594K) -
Atsuo IKEGUHI, Shinji HOSHIBA2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 13-19
Published: June 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was tried to express sustainability of system by using entropy. Numerical example in linear system was performed in order to verify the expression. It was shown that sustainability could be expressed by stored entropy. Narrow condition of sustainability was that stored entropy velocity was equal to be 0. It was found that time which heat or mass remain in a system was also an index of sustainability. For shorter time, the system has higher possibility of sustainability. Differentiation of entropy production per unit time with respect to time expressed the direction of change in linear system.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
Economic Balance, Fossil Energy Input and Nitrogen LoadKenji NEKOMOTO, Shinji HOSHIBA, Hiromi KAWAKAMI, Shigeru MORITA, Atsuo ...2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
Published: June 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost of the dairy farming systems have mainly been evaluated by the economical efficiency. Therefore dairy farmers have tried to improve their productive efficiency for increasing their profit only. Although the profit has been remarkably increased, some other problems have arisen such as pollution by livestock waste and drying up of oil resources. Recent years it is anticipated that the other points of views than economical efficiency should be taken into consideration when evaluating dairy farming systems.
In this paper, multiple criteria composed of net agricultural income (NAI), fossil energy input (FEI), nitrogen load (NLD) and their ratios are proposed to evaluate both a dairy farming system and the manure handling system.
One type of dairy farming system which has the slurrygation (manure handling) system at a free stall dairy barm in Hokkaido was investigated. The ratio of the fossil energy input to net agricultural income [FEI/NAI], which is one of the evaluation criteria showing how much of the fossil energy is consumed to earn 1, 000yen, was 450[MJ/1, 000yen]. The ratio of the nitrogen load to net agricultural income [NLD/NAI], which shows how much of nitrogen is spread to the circumstances to earn 1, 000yen, was 0.43[kgN/1, 000yen]. The ratio of the fossil energy input for manure handling (FEIm) to net agricultural income [FEIm/NAI] was 67[MJ/1, 000yen]. The nitrogen load for manure handling (NLDm) to net agricultural income [NLDm/NAI] was 0.07[kgN/1, 000yen].
Although the evaluation criteria were obtained at only one dairy farming system, we will investigate other dairy farming systems having different manure handling systems, and compare each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (3936K) -
Effects of substrates on mycelium and β-glucan productions in Agaricus blazei MurillTakaaki MAEKAWA, Keo INTABON, Norio SUGIURA, Hiroko ISODA, Uta AKAZAWA2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: June 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report deals with the effects of brown sugar and organic substrates on the mycelium productivity of a basidiomycetes strain of Agaricus blazei Murill mushroom under the submerged culture using 1L volume fermentor. The spawn was separated from the fruit body of the mushroom grown on bagasse compost. Basic salt medium composed of NH4NO3, KH2PO4, MgSO4 and FeSO4 was used. Additional substrates were sucrose, wheat bran, brown sugar, barley grain and bagasse. Cultures were cultivated under 30°C and 72h duration with stirring and forced aeration. Yields of mycelium tended to increase in the order of the additions of wheat bran, brown sugar, barley grain and bagasse. However, the organic medium composed of yeast extract, polypepton, bagasse and sucrose showed the highest mycelium of 6.69g/L as biomass. As for the effect of organic medium added with sucrose, the β-glucan content in the cultured medium was 4.14mg per g of the harvested mycelium while that in the liquid used to wash the harvested mycelia was about 0.03mg/g, and that in the dried mycelium was 5.25mg/g of its own mass, respectively. Therefore, the content rate of β-glucans in the whole culture was about 9.42mg per g of the harvested mycelium. From the difference (1.75mg/g) between the β-glucan content in the harvested mycelium (5.25mg/g) and that in the mycelium extracted with hot water (3.50mg/g), it was showed that the extraction rate of the glucans from the harvested mycelium was about 33.3%.View full abstractDownload PDF (2494K) -
Yuichiro WAKIYA, Takaihiro SAKAI2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 35-44
Published: June 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo confirm the performance of a swine wastewater treatment system, the combination of a Biofilm Process with a ceramics carrier and a filter with Andsoil, Isolite and Zeolite was researched.
The results showed that the concentration of each composition in wastewater from swine was decreased, but as the water cooled and the BOD volume load increased, the purification ability was lowered.
Particularly, when the water was 15°C or lower and BOD volume loading was 0.5kg/m3·per day, the concentration of BOD composition in the treated wastewater was increased.
In spite of these findings, high levels of purification of BOD and nitrification were demonstrated, and still nothing of the sludge adjustment, a stable biomass was confirmed.
These findings indicated that the Biofilm Process with the ceramic carrier was easier to maintain than the Activated-Sludge Process in the case of no dilution. The findings also demonstrated year-round stable purification using the combined soil filter.View full abstractDownload PDF (3162K) -
Tatsuo HISHINUMA, Shinji HOSHIBA, Shigeru MORITA, Yoshihisa TSUKADA, T ...2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 45-52
Published: June 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNowadays, the biogas plant with anaerobic digestion is receiving much attention as a facility for livestock manure treatment and electric power generation. Generally speaking, the biogas plant reduces odor from raw manure and produces the digested slurry with rich manure components similar to the fertilizer. The special interest is in the electric generation. However, the evaluations have not been made sufficiently whether the biogas plant is practically feasible or not at any points.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the biogas system totally from the energetic points of view. The basic object of investigation is a biogas plant at the Rakuno Gakuen University (RGU). A biogas plant on farm was also investigated by the evaluation from the biogas plant at the RGU.
The biogas plant was evaluated from energetic point of view by input-output analyses. The energetic evaluation was made by comparing fossil energy inputs with available energy outputs from operating biogas plant in a year. The fossil energy inputs were those used for a biogas plant at construction, operation and maintenance. The available energy outputs were the generated electricity and heat from a biogas plant and the energy value of digested slurry. The pay back period in energy base was calculated from energy inputs and outputs analyses.
The pay back period in energy base was 59 years at the RGU biogas plant and 7 years at a biogas plant on farm when digested slurry was not utilized as fertilizer. When the digested slurry was utilized the pay back period in energy base became much shorter to 15 years and 3 years, respectively.
The total energetic evaluation of biogas plant indicated that the utilization of digested slurry as fertilizer is the indispensable element for practical feasibility at the biogas plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (2226K) -
Yansheng ZHANG, Bin WEI, Zhengya ZHANG, Takaaki MAEKAWA2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 53-58
Published: June 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt will improve the potential of energy utilization if the biogas like methane can dissolve in the liquefied petroleum petroleum gases at the normal temperature and proper pressure. Accordingly, the characteristics of liquefied propane and butane was investigated at the 278K and 294K. The liquification of propane occurs at the case of P≥5.56atm at 278K and P≥8.33atm at 294K, while the liquification process occurs for butane when P≥1.50atm at 278K and P≥3.11atm at 294K. In addition, the dissolution profiles of methane in propane and butane for the different pressure were studied using the Peng-Robinson equation.View full abstractDownload PDF (536K)
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