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Volume 27 (1973 - 197･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 309-
- Issue 5 Pages 255-
- Issue 4 Pages 199-
- Issue 3 Pages 137-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 3
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Studies on Desalting of Sea Water by Freezing Method (Report8)Shigetake KAWASAKI, Masaru OWA1973 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 137-144
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the flow of wash water in a drained-top counter current washer, the authors conducted a study on characteristics of film flow in the fixed and moving beds during gravitational drainage and an alaysis according to the theory of film flow.
The change of moisture saturation with drainage time in the low moisture zone of the fixed bed was given the following equation:
S=S∞+kf (εux/Kρt) 1/2
where, S∞ is residual equilibrium moisture saturation, ε is porosity, u is viscosity, ρ is density, K is permeability, x is distance from the top of the bed, t is drainage time and kf is coefficient of film flow in the fixed bed. From the experimental results, the average value of kf was found to be 0.43, and S∞ was assumed to be 0.07.
Moisture saturation on the top of the moving bed in the washer under non-washing operation was given the following equation:
S=S∞+km (3εuvi/Kρ) 1/2
where, vi is the moving velocity of the bed, and km is coefficient of film flow in the washer. The experimental data reported in the previous report showed that the value of S∞ was 0.07 when vi=0, and that the average value of km was 0.62. The average value of km in the moving bed was larger than that of kf in the fixed bed. This was considered to have been caused by the fact that the quantity of non-flowing moisture in the moving bed; namely, the residual equilibrium moisutre saturation increased as the moving velocity of the bed increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (15233K) -
Studies on Desalting of Sea Water by Freezing Method (Report 9)Shigetake KAWASAKI, Masaru OWA1973 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 145-156
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn expeliment was carried out on the washing of ice crystals in a drained-top counter current washer. Results from the experiment was analyzed on the assumption that the relative flow rate of the wash water to the moving ice bed followed the theory of film flow on the surface of ice crystals on the top of the bed, and that the process of washing in the moving ice bed was governed by displacement type washing based on diffusion model.
When the value of Ew, the ratio of the flow rate of wash water to the apparent flow-out rate of the moisture liquid on the top of the bed, was below 0.8, the change of the salt concentration of the moisture liquid on the top of the bed showed a rapid decrease in line with an increase in the value of Ew in the same way as shown in the displacement type washing in the moving ice bed. However, this change showed a gradual decrease as the value of Ew further increased, Therefore, the effect of washing declined considerably as compared to that of the displacement type washing.
It was found from these results that When an optimal operation of the washer was done on the conditions that the value of Ew was unit, the loss of wash water to the harvested ice crystals was about 6.5%, the maximum velocity of the moving bed was about 30 cm/min., and when the salinity of brine was 6%, the salinity of the produced fresh water was calculated to be 380 ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (22856K) -
Scale Formation in Concentrating Sea Water with Ion Exchange Membrane Method (Part XIII)Nagaaki TAKEMOTO1973 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 157-163
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the basis of his previous report on desalination process, the author presumed by means of calculation the conditions under which CaSO4-scale deposition took place, and confirmed the results of his presumption with those of his concentration experiments which were carried out for about 100 hours. As a consequence, the following were made clear:
1. On the surface of the cation exchange membrane, an increase in the desalination ratio caused a gradual increase in the concentration of Mg2+ and Ca2+, but the concentration of SO42- was kept almost unchanged. On the surface of the anion exchange membrane, on the other hand, the concentration of SO42- showed an abrupt increase, and Mg2+ and Ca2+ a gradual increase.
2. As a result, CaSO4-scale was expected to deposit on the anion exchange membrane first when the desalination ratio would reach 85%, but 95% on the cation exchange membrane.
3. The concentrating experiments suggested that CaSO4-scale deposition began between 80 to 90% of the desalination ratio, and that the scale deposited on the anion exchange membrane around 90%. Thus, the results of the experiments agreed with those of the above presumption, proving that it was possible to predict the beginning point of CaSO4-scale deposition by calculation of the desalination process.
4. CaSO4-scale crystals were confirmed to be CaSO4·2H2O by X-ray diffraction analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (14495K) -
Studies on Natural Gas Brine (7)Kyunosuke MAJIMA, Kazuko KATSUKI, Mie TEJIMA, Shumpei OKA1973 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 164-170
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn their previous paper (This Journal, 26, 205 (1972)), the authors reported the results of the determination that they carried out on the isotherm of the quinary system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 50°.
This paper is to report a study which was made on the equilibrium of the ternary systems NaCI-MgCl2-H2O, NaCl-CaCl2-H2O and the quaternary system NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 75°. This study aimed at completing the equilibrium diagram of the five component system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 75°, which would be useful for the calculation of isothermal evaporation of natural gas brine, ion exchange membrane brine, etc. The data of isotherms were prepared by using the Seiko computer S. 301 and the HITAC 5020 E computer at the Computer Center of Tokyo University. The results of the study were as follows:
1. Isotherms of the ternary systems NaCI-MgCl2-H2O, NaCl-CaCl2-H2O and the quaternary system. NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O were determined at 75°.
2. The isotherms thus obtained showed a fairly good analogy to those isotherms obtained at 50°, and proved reliable.View full abstractDownload PDF (11978K) -
[in Japanese]1973 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 171-187
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (30838K)
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