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Volume 56, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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DNA Protection and RepairHiroaki TERATO2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 3-9
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (5452K) -
Toshiyuki TOYOSAKI, Yasuhide SAKANE2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 10-16
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reveals for the first time studies of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant effect of NaCl. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant effect of NaCl using aqueous solution, emulsified, and enzymic lipid peroxidation, and to follow the mechanisms to determine how they occur. The effects of NaCl were confirmed to exist in all systems and to have the same antioxidizing effect.
The mechanism of antioxidant action were as follows:
LH+NaCl+O2→LOO·+HCl+Na+
LOO·+LH→LOOH+L·
LOOH+HCILH→LO·+H2O+Cl-
Linoleic acid (LH) combines with oxygen, which produces peroxy radicals (LOO·), while NaCl dissociates Na+ and Cl- at the same time. Then hydrogen is removed from LH and combines with the peroxy radicals, which produces hydroperoxide (LOOH). Peroxy radicals are then produced again. Thus, there can be a chain reaction, which causes LOOH to accumulate. Once a certain amount of LOOH accumulates, LH can also react with oxygen and Cl-, which produces HCl. The HCl can then react with LOOH and produce H2O. In that reaction, LOOH accepts and decomposes. The study thus offers important findings for lipid biochemistry and sciences.View full abstractDownload PDF (4665K) -
I. Effect of the Difference in Initial Concentration of Organic MatterYuka OHNISHI, Minoru FUJII, Shinichiro MURASHIGE, Atsushi YUZAWA, Hito ...2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 17-25
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the effect of initial concentration on the decomposition processes of organic matter during the decomposition of cultivated phytoplankton (Skeletonema costatum) in seawater containing bacteria, HNF (Heterotrophic nanoflagellates), and zooplankton for knowing the characteristics on the formation of semirefractory organic matters in dissolved and particulate forms. In this study, the initial concentration of organic matter was changed from 4.1 to 73mg-C/L. The results showed that decomposition consisted of two different order reactions at POC (Particulate organic carbon). They were decomposition of labile and decomposition of semi-refractory. The turnover time for labile was 9-11days and the one for semi-refractory POC was 29-88 days at 20°C. This was independent of the initial concentrations of organic matter. About 10 % of the initial concentration of TOC remained as semi-refractory POM. This suggests that about 10% of organic matter of cultivated phytoplankton (S. costatum) is consisted as semi-refractory POC. The time-dependence of the POC/PON (PON: Particulate organic nitrogen) ratio was also independent on these initial concentrations. The variation pattern of DOC (Dissolved organic carbon) was independent of the initial concentrations of organic matter. DOC concentration was nearly constant after the first few days although the amount of POC decreased steadily during the decomposition process. This suggests that the organic matter derived from the degraded plankton did not accumulate in dissolved form but decomposed into inorganic carbon very quickly and a part of DOC remained as semi-refractory DOC.View full abstractDownload PDF (6431K) -
Shuji OISHI, Daisuke IIDA, Takaomi SUZUKI, Toetsu SHISHIDO2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 26-31
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWell-formed crystals of calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) were grown from a sodium chloride (NaCl) flux. The solubility of CaMoO4 in NaCl increased with a rise in temperature, reaching 3.2mol% solubility at 900°C. The growth of CaMoO4 crystals was brought about by heating a mixture of solute and flux at 900°C for 10 h, followed by cooling to 550°C at a rate of 5°C/h. Colorless and transparent octahedral crystals up to 3mm in size were grown. The crystal sizes were dependent on the solute content. The long and short octahedral crystals were bounded by the {101} and {112} faces, respectively. Needle crystals up to 5.2 mm in length were obtained during every growth run. The needle crystals were elongated in the <001> directions, with respect ratios ranging from 160 to 670. The most suitable solute content for the growth of crystals was 3 mol%. Sodium chloride is an environment-friendly flux for growing CaMoO4 crystals.View full abstractDownload PDF (4264K) -
Masayoshi SAWAMURA, Anas Khairul FAZIAN, Hiroyuki UKEDA2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 32-40
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of deep sea water (DSW) on the rheological properties of agar gel were compared to surface sea water (SSW), saline (SAL), desalted DSW (DDS) and Milli-Q water (MQW), to elucidate the DSW in items of food chemistry. The hardness and gel strength of agar-sugar-aqua media gels in different proportions were measured by means of a rheometer. The gels were 0, 20, 30 and 40% in their glucose, fructose or sucrose concentration. The data were statistically treated. Compared to SSW and SAL, the rheological values of DSW were significantly high. However, the type of sugar and its concentrations affected the hardness and gel strength of the gels. It was the gels of glucose (20%), fructose (20% and 30%) and sucrose (30%) that were significantly high in the hardness and gel strength. The pH and phosphorous concentration differences between DSW and other aqua media are sorted out as factors that affect the rheological properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (5489K) -
Takashi FUKUDA, Akira YAMAUCHI2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous study, it was indicated that a charged mosaic membrane could preferentially transfer electrolytes more readily than solvent, water (negative reflection coefficient). In this study, material transport across the charged mosaic membrane was investigated under different experimental conditions. KCl was added in one phase and sucrose was added in other one across the membrane (KCl/sucrose system). The identical and equivalent solute concentrations were kept in both phases to cancel each other's osmotic flow. The volume fluxes and the solute fluxes on the system were measured and the reflection coefficients which expressed the separation factor between solvent and solute were estimated. The values were compared with KCl/water system. As a result, the volume fluxes of KCl/sucrose system were higher and the solute fluxes were lower than that of KCl/water. In addition, the reflection coefficients were almost the same values in both systems. As a whole, the KCl/sucrose system indicated lower desalination than the KCl/water system.View full abstractDownload PDF (4094K) -
Yoshitaka YAMAGUCHI, Yuzuru NAKAGUCHI, Yoshiyuki HATANO, Syoko ARAKI, ...2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 47-56
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coastal area, we determined the concentration of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved monosaccharide, and then measured the three dimensional excitation emission matrix spectrum. Sea water samples were collected on November 1999and 6 June 2000 at the Gokasyo Bay in the Mie Prefecture. On 6 June 2000, the concentrations of nutrients were significantly lower than they were on 17 November 1999. Therefore, phytoplankton activity on 6 June 2000 might be higher than that on 17 November 1999. In contrast, the concentrations of DOC and monosaccharide on 6June 2000 were higher than it was on 17 November 1999.
From the results of the three dimensional excitation emission matrix spectrum, three types of fluorescence maximum peaks (Peak A; Ex./Em.=305-325/400-420 nm, Peak B;Ex./Em.=345-365/450-470 nm, Peak C;Ex./Em.=275-280/345-355nm) were observed in seawater samples. It is believed that the source of peak A and peak B were terrestrial organic matter and that of peak C was biological particulate organic matter.View full abstractDownload PDF (6765K) -
Yoshitaka MIYAI, Aya UMENO, Hirofumi KANOH, Ramesh CHITRAKAR, Kohji SA ...2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 57-63
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to increase the adsorption rate of lithium, a method for preparing granular adsorbent with high porosity was examined using sodium chloride as the porous agent. Porous granular adsorbent was prepared using the following procedure. A precursor (Li1.33Mn1.67O4) and NaCl powder were mixed for 30 minutes, and the homogeneous mixture was added to a DMF solution containing PVC. The suspension was mixed sufficiently, placed in a granulation apparatus, and subsequently dropped into a water-methanol solution. The granular precursor obtained was washed with water to remove NaC1 for pore generation. It was treated in a 0.5M HCl solution for three days. Consequently, H-type porous granular adsorbent was obtained.
The lithium adsorption rate was improved considerably when NaCl above 3 wt% was added to the precursor. The granule diameter influenced the adsorption rate of lithium. The lithium uptakes reached 20, 18 and 16mg/g through adsorption for 31 days with granules showing diameters of 0.50-0.71 mm, 0.71-1.00 mm and 1.00-1.40 mm, respectively.
The porous adsorbents showed an adsorption rate about 1.2 times higher than those prepared without NaCl. A preliminary calculation suggested that recovery cost can be reduced to 58% by a doubling of the adsorption rate, and about 80% by an increase of up to 1.2 times.View full abstractDownload PDF (4688K) -
Field Test for Determining the Composition of Brine by Automated Composition-Determining System with Attenuated Total-Reflectance IR SpectrometryYumi MAKABE, Naohito YOSHIKAWA, Takeshi NAGATANI, Tomoyuki HISADA, Ter ...2002 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 64-70
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop an automated system for determining the concentrations of ions (Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, SO42-) in brine used in the salt manufacturing process, a determining method using absorbance differences measured by attenuated total reflectance-IR spectroscopy were studied. An automated brine composition-determining system was constructed and a field test of this system was conducted at Ako Kaisui Co., Ltd. In this field test, concentrations of sodium, chloride and sulfate ions in the brine could be accurately determined for the salt manufacturing process; however magnesium ion concentrations could not. After continuously running the automated system without problems for 26 hours, the system was considered a success. The values determined by this system can be used for control purposes in a salt manufacturing plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (4426K)
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