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Volume 28 (1974 - 197･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 379-
- Issue 5 Pages 321-
- Issue 4 Pages 196-
- Issue 3 Pages 146-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 4-
Volume 28, Issue 6
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Polluting Materials in Seawater (Part 2)Toshikatsu HAKUTA1975 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 379-385
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vapor-liquid equilibrium of phenolic substance (phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, thymol and α-naphthol) -water system was measured by using Othmer type of equilibrium distillation apparatus. The measurement was conducted under the conditions that the pH range was 6 to 8, the system pressure range 360mmHg to 2atm and the salinity range upto about 7%.
The vapor-liquid equilibrium ratio of each phenolic substance in these systems increased as the salinity of solution or the system pressure increased. However, pH value had no remarkable effect on K-value, and the variation of salinity had the largest effect.
The relative volatilities of these five phenols indicated the following decline:
hymol>o-Cresol>m-Cresol>Phenol>α-Naphthol.
Phenol,o-cresol,m-cresol and thymol except α-naphthol in the feed sea-water seemed to be concentrated into product water in an MSF desalination plant.
Simple batch distillation tests of phenol-water and α-naphthol-water system were conducted in an atmospheric pressure, at pH 7 and with some salinities. The calculated values obtained from Rayleigh's equation by using the vapor-liquid equilibrium of each system showed a considerable coincidence with the results of the distillation tests.
hus, the behavior of each phenolic substance in an MSF plant can be simulated by conducting of simple batch distillation.View full abstractDownload PDF (4674K) -
Osamu MIYATAKE, Tetsu FUJII, Toshiaki TANAKA, Tsutomu NAKAOKA1975 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 386-396
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith regard to non-equilibrium temperature difference NETD generated in flash evaporation in multi-stage flash evaporators, a comparison was made between the empirical equations for empty stages proposed so far and the actually measured values obtained in empty stages so far. There was introduced the mean residence time of liquid in each stage in consideration of the difference in stage length.
The empirical equation of BLH Eq.(6') chowod the beet correlation with the measured values obtained in empty stages longer than 3.45m, but it showed the least correlation with the measured values obtained in empty stages shorter than 2.13m because of the effect from varied flow pattern of liquid.
For the purpose of pursuing the effects of various types of flash enhancers installed in each stage, another comparison was made between the measured values obtained in stages with enhancers and the empirical equation of BLH chosen as the base reference.
In case an enhancer was installed in a comparatively long stage, it made little contribution to the reduction of NETD, but in case it was installed in a short stage, it caused a conspicuous decrease in NETD, reducing NETD as low as those obtained in the case of long empty stages.View full abstractDownload PDF (6554K) -
Tetsuo YARISAWA1975 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 397-400
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quality of desalted water produced from a sea-water desalination plant was examined. The plant was of 39-stage flash evaporator of high flow-rate long tube design and the capacity of 3,000 m3/day. The water contained 0.1-0.3ppm of chloride ion, and its electric conductivity was as low as 2-4μ. It contained heavy metal ions (iron, copper, and zinc) derived from the condenser tube and the piping materials in the order of several tens of ppb, respectively. If polluted seawater is used for desalination, there will be the risk that the product water be contaminated with ammonia and organic substance (shown as COD value).View full abstractDownload PDF (2475K)
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