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Volume 26 (1972 - 197･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 305-
- Issue 5 Pages 233-
- Issue 4 Pages 173-
- Issue 3 Pages 122-
- Issue 2 Pages 66-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Masao MOTOYAMA, Minoru KADOTA, Shumpei OKA1972 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 173-180
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeterogeneous equilibrium in the quinary system of NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 25°C was investigated to get the basic data for the graphical computation of the concentration process of ion exchange membrane brine, the treatment of its bittern and the preparation of the enthalpycomposition diagram.
On the basis of the solubility data and those available from the existing literatures, an equilibrium diagram of the five-component system at 25°C was prepared. Also, simplified diagrams were drawn with the data for those points saturated with NaCl for ease of practical computation.
Solubilities of NaCl available at the univariant system (four solids and one solution phase) and at the bivariant (three solids and one solution phase) were found to be very small, ranging from 0.1 to 0.15 wt.%. The diagram saturated with NaCl was found nearly the same as that of the four-component system KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O, because NaCl could form neither double salt nor solid solution with the other salts in this system.View full abstractDownload PDF (4912K) -
Studies on Scale from Brine Concentrated by Ion Exchange Membrane Method (IV)Kiyomi SOGA, Nobuko INOUE, Kenichi KAGIWADA1972 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 181-188
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solubility of calcium sulfate in brine produced by ion exchange membrane method was determined by adding CaSO4 and its hydrates to the brine and at varied temperatures from 25 to 150°C. Results obtained were as follows:
1.The solubility of calcium sulfate decreased in line with an increase in the concentration of brine, and its decreasing rate was greater after crystallization of sodium chloride.
2. The solubility of CaSO4·2H2O increased with a rise of temperature, and those of CaSO4·1/2 H2O and CaSO4·anhyd. declined as the temperature became higher. In higher concentration, the difference of solubility by crystal form showed smaller values.
3. A certain relation was observed between the solubility of calcium sulfate and the total. concentration of calcium and magnesium in the ion exchange membrane brine containing about. 90% sodium chloride in total salt.
4. A cmparison of the ionic product of calcium sulfate in the ion exchange membrane brine with the values in evaporated brine and sodium chloride solution, indicated that the value in brines was greater than in sodium chloride solution in the range of high concentration.
5. The solubility product of calcium sulfate calculated with the corrected activity coefficients. of calcium and sulfate ions, showed a continuous decrease until the crystallization of sodium chloride if the ionic strength and temperature of the solution became greater.View full abstractDownload PDF (4921K) -
Osamu MIYATAKE, Kentaro MURAKAMI, Yoichi KAWATA, Tetsu FUJII1972 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 189-198
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo make clear the physical mechanism of flash evaporation, an experimental investigation was carried out on the phenomenon of flash evaporation which was observed when a quantity of pool water was exposed to a sudden pressure drop. As a result, the flash evaporation was found to undergo two exponential decaying processes.
Measured values of Hashing time, non-equilibrium fraction, non-equilibrium temperature and flashing zone were obtained with the range of about 3 and 5°C superheats and the variation between 40 and 80°C equilibrium temperatures, thereby deducing the empirical equations for these quantities.
Furthermore, the coefficients of flash evaporation rate were proposed from a simple consideration. Finally, the experimental results Were compared with the data which AMF obtained with actual flash evaporator.View full abstractDownload PDF (5539K) -
Studies on Natural Gas Brine (5)Kyunosuke MAJIMA, Kazuko KATSUKI, Mie TEJIMA, Shumpei OKA1972 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 199-204
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn their previous paper (This Journal 23, 113 (1969)), the authors reported the results of their determination of isotherms of the ternary systems MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O, NaCl-MgCl2-H2O and the quaternary system NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 50°C.
In the present paper, the authors studied the equilibrium of the ternary system KCl-MgCl2-H2O, the quaternary systems NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O and KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O. This study was made for the purpose of completing the equilibrium diagram of the five component system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O, which might be useful for the ca1culation of isothermal evaporation of natural gas brine, ion exchange membrane brine, etc. The results obtained were as follows:
1. Isotherms of the ternary system KCl-MgCl2-H2O, the quaternary systems NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O and KCl-MgCl2-H2O were determined at 50°C.
2. The isotherms thus obtained showed a fairly good agreement with those of several studies already reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (3322K) -
Studies on Natural Gas Brine (6)Kyunosuke MAJIMA, Kazuko KATSUKI, Mie TEJIMA, Shumpei OKA1972 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 205-209
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn their previous papers (This Journal 23, 113 (1969): Two in the press for this Journal) the authors determined the isotherms for the ternary systems MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O, NaCl-MgCl2-H2O, KCl-MgCl2-H2O and the quaternary systems NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O, NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H20, KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 50°C, for the purpose of obtaining the equilibrium diagram of the five component system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 50°C.
For the ternary system KCl-CaCl2-H2O and the quaternary system NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O, those data found in the paper of Assarsson were used. And for the ternary system NaCl-CaCl2-H2O, the data of Pelling and Poberton in the Seidell's tables were used.
In the present paper, the authors studied the equilibrium value of quinary system to obtain an equilibrium diagram of the five component system, which would be usefull for the calculation of isothermal evaporation of natural gas brine at 50°C, etc. The results obtained were as follows:
1. The isotherms for the quinary system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O were determined at 50°C.
2. The isotherms for quinary system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 50°C were found verysimilar to the isotherms for the quaternary system KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 50°C, due to the verysmall solubility of NaCl in the system.View full abstractDownload PDF (2871K) -
1972 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 210-222
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (7836K)
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