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Volume 32 (1978 - 197･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 287-
- Issue 5 Pages 235-
- Issue 4 Pages 176-
- Issue 3 Pages 117-
- Issue 2 Pages 76-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 32, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Studies on Desalting of Sea Water by Freezing Method (Report 10)Masaru OOWA, Shigetake KAWASAKI1978 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 176-182
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of butane gas agitation on the crystallization of ice has been investigated in an experimental crystallizer which consists of a crystallization room, an evaporation room and twelve butane spray nozzles. The structure of the butane spray nozzle was similar to that of a pneumatic atomizer and butane gas evaporated in the evaporation room was used instead of compressed air.
This device promoted both the evaporation of butane and the strongagitation of sea water in the crystallization room, and therefore, ice was efficiently crystallized. The specific production rate of ice in this crystallizer was 0.55 kg/hr/kg-solution and thesuperheating for evaporation of butane (the driving force for freezing) was in the range between 0.8°C and 1.6°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (4269K) -
Osamu MIYATAKE, Itsuo TANAKA, Toshiyuki HASHIMOTO, Toshio TOMIMURA1978 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 183-189
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe utilization of waste heat as the energy source for the MSF (multi-stage flash) desalination plants is acquiring special importance, since it may open up the way for an appreciable reduction in the cost of producing fresh water. However, one of the main problems in view of the operation of the MSF desalination plants utilizing the warm seawater discharged from industries may be the release of noncondensables (dissolved air) from the warm feed seawater in the plants.
In this paper, the evaluations of the volume of air and the mass fraction of air in the water vapor generated in the feed stage are made by introducing the assumption that total amount of dissolved air is released in the feed stage at the saturation pressure corresponding to the feed seawater temperature. Through the evaluations it is realized that the volume of air increases almost exponentially with decreasing the feed seawater temperature, and the mass fraction of air increases rapidly with the decrease of the flash down. Referring to the theoretical analysis of Minkowycz and Sparrow, the reductions of the condensation heat transfer in the feed stage condenser are estimated at 70% for the mass fractions of air evaluated under the ordinary operating conditions of the MSF plants utilizing waste heat. Thus, in order to minimize the undesirable effect of noncondensables, the feed stage must be equipped with an independent ejector system with comparatively large capacity.View full abstractDownload PDF (4468K) -
Masaji MATSUDA, Kenji HARAYA, Takashi NAKANE1978 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 190-196
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies on the tubular membrane mounted by the supporting tube were carried out to develope the cartfidge type reverse osmosis module in which the tubular membrane could be easily exchanged. The fablicated membrane tube is composed of a hard vinylchloride tube with the grooves for water passage, the backing material and the cellulose acetate membrane. The unification of them made the exchange of the membrane and the handling procedure easier.
For various types of backing materials, the method of fabrication by direct casting and the pressure losses were examined. The result showed that the filter cloth of polyester 301 was the best. Studies on the device for water passage of a supporting tube and the method for the reinfgrcement of the membrane were also carried out. A short tube module of 50cm long and 12.5 mm inner diameter was manufactured and the test for the performance was conducted. The result showed that water flux and salt rejection were 0.5m3/m2·day and 95% respectively, with 0.1 N NaCI solution at the operating pressure of 40 kg/cm2.View full abstractDownload PDF (4615K) -
Kenji HARAYA, Takashi NAKANE, Hiroshi YOSHITOME1978 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 197-205
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe formation conditions of dynamic membranes were examined using polyethylenimine, carboxymethylcellulose, hydrous zirconium oxiside-polyacrylic acid and gelatine. In the case of reverse osmosis type membranes, except gelatine, the rejection of NaCl was found to be high when these dynamic membranes were formed in the pH range in which the viscosity of each polyelectrolyte was small. Membranes formation by adding NaCl caused increase of NaCl rejection, but this phenomenon was not observed at the minimum viscosity points of these polyelectrolytes. Furthermore the water contents of these dynamic membranes tended to decrease with increasing NaCl rejection.
In another case of filtration type membrane (gelatine), self-rejection was found to be high when gelatine dynamic membrane was formed in the range of pH under pH7. In the case of the feed solution containing NaCl at the running time, self-rejection decreased. Therefore, the repulsion between suport membrane and gelatine in solution, or between gelatine dynamic membrane and gelatine in solution should be considered as an important factor in membrane performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (5608K) -
Masami KAHO1978 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 206-210
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2414K) -
Masami KAHO1978 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 211-221
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (6849K) -
Chaim FORGACS, [in Japanese]1978 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 222-229
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4809K)
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