Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-9213
Print ISSN : 0369-4550
ISSN-L : 0369-4550
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Volume 66, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Greeting
Special Issue : “Charged Membranes, Today and Future”
REVIEW
  • Principle and Technological Trend of Reverse Electrodialysis
    Mitsuru HIGA, Shoya FUJII, Naoki OKAGAWA
    2012 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 242-247
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.242
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Salinity gradient power (SGP) is one of a renewable energy that is available when two solutions of different salinity mix. The global potential for SGP is calculated to be 2.6 TW when the flow of all rivers is taken into account. There are two membrane-based technologies that can change SGP into useful electricity ; reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). It has been shown that, in the case of river water with seawater, RED is a promising technology. The key components in a RED system are ion-exchange membranes (IEMs). Membrane requirements for RED are high perm-selectivity, low electrical resistance, safficent mechanical stability, high chemical stability, high anti-fouling properties and low cost. Here, the principle and technological trend of the system and IEMs for RED is presented.
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Commentary
Original Paper
  • Effects of Light on the Fate of Triphenylborane Compounds in Water
    Ai TSUBOI, Hideo OKAMURA
    2012 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 275-282
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.275
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Anti-fouling agents are usually applied to ship hulls to prevent worsening of fuel consumption rates resulting from the buildup of marine organisms, such as barnacles and bivalves, which become attached to the surfaces of ship hulls. Triphenylborane compounds (TPBP, TPBOA, OPA) are popular antifouling agents mainly used in Japan, but there is little information available on its fate and ecotoxicity in aquatic environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of light on the fate of three triphenylborane compounds in water. The solutions containing triphenylborane compound irradiated with white fluorescent lamp for up to 48 h were subjected for chemical analysis of triphenylborane compounds and its degradation products and for ecotoxicity assessment to marine photo bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri and crustacean Artemia salina. TPBOA and OPA were quantitatively analyzed as TPBP with adding excess amount pyridine. Triphenylborane compounds in 2 % sodium chloride solution and artificial seawater were degraded with irradiation of white fluorescent lamp. The 30-min EC50 values of the triphenylborane compounds for photo bacteria were ranging in 0.27 ～ 1.0 and the 48-hour LC50 values of them for crustacean were ranging in 0.079 ～ 0.26 μM, respectively. Crustacean was more susceptible to triphenylborane compounds than photo bacteria. Ecotoxicity of the solution was reduced by irradiation of white fluorescent lamp. Crustacean lethality by triphenylborane compounds was well expressed with the concentration after exposure regardless of the treatments. It was suggested that unkown products, might have produced, had less ecotoxicity.
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  • Study of Determination of Barium and Strontium Concentration in Seawater using Chelating Resin Disk Pretreatment
    Yuka NAKAYAMA, Yasushi NODA
    2012 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 283-287
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.283
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    As a result of the Fukushima first nuclear power plant accident, the facility is holding large quantities of contaminated water, which includes seawater component. To establish a method for measuring the levels of low-concentration barium and strontium in the saltwater from which the scaling components (Ca, Mg and others) had been removed, a pretreatment method based on the solid-phase extraction of Ba and Sr with chelating resin was studied. When the NaCl concentration of a sample solution was high, the extraction of Ba and Sr was inhibited. On the other hand, when the sample solution was diluted by adding ultrapure water before sample filtration, it was shown that the Ba and Sr can be extracted with sufficient accuracy. The pH of the sample solution needed to be adjusted higher than neutral. When the ammonium acetate concentration or the volume of the rinsing solution for the chelating resin after sample filtration was increased, it was found that the extraction of the Ba and Sr was affected.
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  • Influence of Salt Concentration, Salt Particle Size, Types of Inorganic Salts, and Types of Edible Salts on the Texture of Kamaboko Gel
    Yumi MAKABE
    2012 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 288-294
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.288
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The influence of salt concentration, salt particle size, types of inorganic salts, and types of edible salts on the texture of kamaboko gel was examined. It was found that the kamaboko gel became softer as the salt concentration increased. When the salt particle size was varied, it was found that the kamaboko gel became softer once the particle size decreased to about 200 μm or smaller. When the inorganic salts were varied, the firmness of the kamaboko gel varied with the type of inorganic salt. When the edible salts were varied, it appeared that the kamaboko gel became firmer as the amount of calcium sulfate or magnesium sulfate in the salt was increased.
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  • Preparation of Adsorptive Fibers for Removal of Strontium from Seawater
    Takato HARAYAMA, Satoshi UMINO, Shoichiro UCHIYAMA, Mai SUGIYAMA, Kuni ...
    2012 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 295-300
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.295
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We prepared two kinds of adsorptive fibers for the removal of strontium from seawater by means of radiation-induced graft polymerization and subsequent chemical modifications: iminodiacetate-group-containing chelating fiber and sodium-titanate-impregnated fiber. Evaluation of the removal of strontium from seawater in a batch mode demonstrated that these adsorptive fibers showed a higher adsorption rate than conventional chelating beads and sodium titanium oxide granules. From the determination of concentration factors of strontium, calcium, and magnesium in seawater, the sodium-titanate-impregnated fiber was found to exhibit a higher affinity for strontium over calcium and magnesium in seawater than the chelating fiber. At a mass ratio of seawater to sodium-titanate-impregnated fiber of 100, the concentration factors of strontium, calcium, and magnesium in seawater were 600, 190, and 18 mL/g, respectively.
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Letter from Research Committees
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