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Volume 61 (2007)
- Issue 6 Pages 299-
- Issue 5 Pages 253-
- Issue 4 Pages 194-
- Issue 3 Pages 141-
- Issue 2 Pages 89-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 61, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Ryuji KIMURA2007 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 89-94
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeventy percent of the lower boundary of the atmosphere is contact with sea surface where heat and water vapor are supplied to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the wind stress at the sea surface induces the wind-driven circulation inside of the oceans which transports and mixes heat inside of the oceans. The variation of sea surface temperature are caused by both the atmospheric and oceanic processes. These features imply that the atmosphere and the oceans are a coupled system which is the basis of the Earth environment. This overview shows how the oceans give various influences to the atmospheric processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (11284K) -
Yasushi NARITA, Mitsuo UEMATSU2007 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 95-101
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a result of rapid economic growth in the East Asia, emission of anthropogenic substances has been increasing compared with other regions in the world. Air pollution in the Asian continent is more serious than that in Japan well controlled under the anti-pollution laws. In addition, the air pollution influences the remote area of the North Pacific far from the sources over the East Asia due to its long range transport. Natural substances such as mineral dust are modified their chemical and physical properties by reacting with anthropogenic substances and sea salt particles during the transport over the ocean. The denatured crustal substances may change marine ecosystems in the open ocean, e. g. HNLC (High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll) regions of the oceans will be affected by resulting in long range transport and deposition of crustal substances with anthropogenic substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (10655K) -
Kazuhiko MIURA2007 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 102-109
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProduction of sea salt particles is essential in the marine atmosphere. Importance of changing chemical and physical properties of sea salt particles is paid attention to the atmospheric science community as important factors for global climate changes. Empirical equations of the relationship between weight concentration and wind speed obtained by many investigators were not agreed well. This discrepancy is caused by that production rate depends not only on wind speed but also on salinity and water temperature, and by that the removal processes are complex. Therefore, annual average source strength reported in IPCC 2001 is also thought to have a large uncertainty. The chemical composition of the sea salt particles is different from that of seawater although sea salt particles were produced directly from seawater. The reaction of sea salt particles with acid substances (such as sulfur dioxide gas) modified the original seawater composition on the liquid sea salt particles. Under the remote marine atmosphere, there is an effect of suppressing the new production of sulfate particles from sulfur dioxide originating from DMS gas emitted by marine biota in seawater. Moreover, the modified particles exist as internal mixture particles, and the physical properties (such as humidity, optical) are quite different from those of the external mixture particles. To know the properties of various particles in the marine atmosphere will improve the estimates of the radiative forcing on the climate changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (10229K) -
Haruhiko YAMAMOTO2007 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 110-117
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Saltdamage” in Crop is classified into three,(1) salt water damage,(2) salt wind damage, and (3) salt soil damage, according to the difference in a generating mechanism.This paper, it introduces about the characteristics of the salt wind damage by the typhoon 0415. Typhoon 0415 (T0415, MEGI) passed through the Sea of Japan coast of Hokuriku and Tohoku Districts on August 19-20, 2004. Agust of wind stronger than 30m/s was recorded in the coastal region, and a gust of wind at 38.3m/s, 39.6m/s, and 41.1m/s was observed in Aikawa, Sakata, and Akita, respectively. However, there was little rainfall before and after the passage of the typhoon. Consequently, the adhering salt entered the rice plant, and salty wind damage occurred by drying up the cells. Near the seashore, 2.7-3.2mg salt had adhered to the panicle, and the amount of salt adhesion per panicle (mg/panicle) negatively correlated with the distance from the seashore. The total amount of the agricultural damage by T0415 was 18 billion yen, 10,200million yen, and 7,200million yen in Ahta Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture, and Niigata Prefecture, respectively. The amount of rice damage occupied three fourths of the whole crop The ratio to normal year of the rice yield fell greatly in Akita Prefecture (Kisakatacho, southern prefecture coast area) and Niigata Prefecture (Sadocity). In the Niigata Sado area and the Akita Honjo area, the quality of rice deteriorated remarkably.View full abstractDownload PDF (11341K) -
Kentaro TANAKA, Shigeru OHDE2007 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 118-122
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the controllinng factors for fluorine incorporation into corala ragonite (CaCO3), using the ion-chromatograph method, we determined the fluoride content in coral samples collected from Pohnpei (Micronesia), Khang Khao (Thailand), Cebu (The Philippines), Sakai Port (Wakayama), Rukan-sho and Mizugama (Okinawa). Fluorine in coral was highest in Sakai Port (Wakayama) with an average F content of 955 ppm, whereas coral collected from Okinawa, Cebu, Pohnpei and Khang Khao exhibited F contents of 815 ppm, 725 ppm, 713 ppm and 677 ppm, respectively. This observation indicates a temperature dependence of fluorine incorporation into coral aragonite, in which F content increases with decreasing seawater temperature.
This is based on the proposed coprecipitation process of F in coral aragonite as an ion-exchange reaction: CaCO3(s)+2F-(aq)=CaF2(s)+CO32-(aq). The equilibrium constant for the above equation can be expressed as: KF=[CaF2][CO32-]/[CaCO3][F-]2. The equilibrium constant KF and seawater [CO32-] change with temperature. In this paper we discuss whether the effect of change of seawater temperature on fluorine incorporation in coral aragonite is partly due to the corresponding change in carbonate ion concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (4577K) -
Yuzuru NAKAGUCHI, Hideki MINAMI, Ken-ichi KITAHATA, Hiroshi HATTORI, Y ...2007 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 123-131
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the vertical profiles of selenite, selenate and organic selenide in pore water, and the vertical profi1es of selenium, iron, and manganese in sediment cores in the marginal seas.
Selenium speciation was investigated for the pore water. Organic selenide was the predominant species in the pore waters at the surface (46.5-54.7% of total dissolved selenium). The vertical profi1es of dissolved selenium species in the South China Sea showed spechic distribution patterns such as surface-enrichment of organic selenide and selenite. Significant high and negative correlations were recognised between the concentrations of organic selenide and selenate in pore water and those of manganese and iron in sedimentsat the South China Sea. The relatively highconcentration of dissolved organic selenide at the surface layer indicated that the rateoftransfbrmation of particulate selenide to dissolved organic selenide was extremely highinthev olcanic ash sediment in the South China Sea. The vertical profiles of selenium species in pore water and sediment at the Celebes and Sulu Seas were complex.View full abstractDownload PDF (11797K) -
Haruo MIMURA, Akihisa ABE, Kazutoshi YOSHIDA, Hiroshi ISHIDA2007 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 132-133
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCell suspellsion (108.5±0.1 colony-fbrming units/ml) was maintained tightly in an aluminum container and exposed to shock pressures generated by hitting the alulninum container with a projectile. In the presence of sodium ascorbate, a potent radical scavenger, the drastic reduction in the number of colony-fbrming cells was observed at a projectile velocity of more than 196m/s, for which the estimated maximum value of shock pressures was 421 MPa. In the absence of sodium ascorbate, however, colnplete killing of the cells has been obtained even at 115m/s. Burst of the cell wall was seen after exposure to shock pressures at 267m/s, regardless of the presence of sodium ascorbate. These results strongly indicate that shock pressures with the complete killing effect on the cells have a potential to generate radlcal species in seawater as well as inflict some structural damage to the cell wall.View full abstractDownload PDF (3842K)
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