Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-9213
Print ISSN : 0369-4550
ISSN-L : 0369-4550
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Volume 27, Issue 6
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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  • X-Ray Fluorometric Determination of Uranium in Composite Adsorbent
    Extraction of Uranium from Sea Water by the Composite Adsorbents (Part 1)
    Ayako FUJII, Yoshitaka MIYAI, Norio TAKAGI, Kazuhiko SUGASAKA, Hidetos ...
    1974 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 309-314
    Published: 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj1965.27.309
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The content of uranium in the composite adsorbent was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. 30 mg of sample was weighed into a sample holder which had been made of polyethylene for small amount of sample. The x-ray intensity of ULα1 (26.14°) was measured by fixedtime method, without preparing a brlquette. When the concentration of uranium was in the range of 0.1-4mg/g, the X-ray intensity of ULα1 and the content of uranium indicated a calibration curve of a good straight line. The variation coefficients were 2.2 and 2.4% for the standard samples containing 0.5 and 1 mg of uranium in 1 g of the adsorbent, respectively.
    Titanium or zinc composing the composite adsorbent showed absorption effect for UL line. The X-ray intensity was corrected for the absorption effect by the concentration of the element deter-mined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
    The diverse elements from sea water were found not to affect the determination. The time required for the analysis of one sample was less than 15 minutes. The results of this method were consistent with that of a fluorometry within 10% error.
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  • Equilibria of Quaternary Systems NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O and NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O at 75°C
    Studies of Natural Gas Brine (Part 8)
    Kyunosuke MAJIMA, Kazuko KATSUKI, Mie TEJIMA, Shumpei OKA
    1974 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 315-320
    Published: 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj1965.27.315
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    In the previous paper (this Journal, 27, 164 (1973)), the authors reported the results of their determinations of isotherms for the ternary systems NaCl-MgCl2-H2O, NaCl-CaCl2-H2O and for the quaternary system NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 75°C.
    In the present paper, the authors studied the equilibria of the quaternary systems NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O and NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O at 75°C.
    This study was made for the purpose of obtaining the complete equilibrium data for isothermal evaporation of natural gas brine, ion exchange membrane brine, etc.
    The results obtained were as follows:
    1. Isotherms of the quaternary systems NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O and NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O were determined at 75°C
    2. The isotherms thus obtained showed a fairly good validity in comparison with those of several measurements at various temperatures already reported.
    3. The area of the field for the stable coexistence of two solid phases, MgCl2·6H2O and Carnallite, in the diagram of the quaternary system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O, did not vary much due to the temperature change. Also, the same relation was observed concerning the coexistence field for CaCl2·KCl and CaCl2·2H2O in the diagram of the quaternary system NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O.
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  • Equilibrium in Quinary System NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O at 75°C
    Studies of Natural Gas Brine (Part 9)
    Kyunosuke MAJIMA, Kazuko KATSUKI, Mie TEJIMA, Shumpei OKA
    1974 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 321-326
    Published: 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj1965.27.321
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    In their previous papers3, 4) the authors determined the isotherms for the ternary systems NaCl-MgCl2-H2O, NaCl-CaCl2-H2O and the quarternary systems NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O, NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O, NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O at 75°C for the purpose of obtaining the equilibrium diagram of the five component system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 75°C. The authors used the data found in the paper of Lightfoot et al. for the ternary systems KCl-MgCl2-H2O, KCl-CaCl2-H2O, MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O and for the quaternary system KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O. The results obtained were as follows:
    1. The isotherms for the quinary system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O were determined at 75°C.
    2. The isotherms for the quinary system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 75°C were found very similar to the isotherms for the quaternary system KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 75°C due to very low solubility of NaCl in the system.
    3. The area of the field for stable existence of CaCl2·KCl, CaCl2·2H2O, Carnallite, Tachhydrite, MgCl2·6H2O was characterized by a little increase due to a rise in temperature.
    4. The solubility of NaCl was found nearly doubled by comparison with that of 50°C in the field of stable existence of CaCl2·KCl and CaCl2·2H2O.
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  • Impurities on and in Crystals of Australian Solar Salts
    Studies on Mother Liquid in Salt-Manufacturing Process (Part 24)
    Tsutomu MASUZAWA, Taeko MATSUMOTO
    1974 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 327-335
    Published: 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj1965.27.327
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    In the previous papers, the amount and the crystal-form of impurities on and in crystals of vacuum and solar salts were reported. In this paper, the authors studied in the same way those of sample-salts from 7 Australian solar salt-fields, which had represented in recent years a large portion of Japanese imported salt.
    1. According to the analytical results of the Australian solar salts imported during 1969-1971 made by the branches of the Japan Salt Public Corporation, the impurities were 2.4-4.4% H2O, 0.05-0.11% Mg++, 0.05-0.23% Ca++ and 0.01-0.03% K+. From the results, the concentration of the total impurities (in and on) was estimated at 0.7-2.6 K2, 10-27Mg and 2-9 SO4 mol/1000 mol H2O.
    2. The impurities in crystals of solar salts of Shark Bay, Lake Macleod and Port Hedland were 0.14-1.6% H2O, 0.006-0.024% K+, 0.004-0.05% Mg++ and 0.009-0.026% Ca++.
    3. The concentration of the impurities in crystals was greater than that of the impurities on crystals. This was due to the removal of impurity by washing in salt field. And it was estimated that sample of Lake Macleod contained K2SO4 or its double salt in crystals.
    4. Ratios of the impurities in crystals to the total impurities were K+; 30-90%, Mg++; 10-50%, Ca++; 20-40%, whose figures were the limit of impurities refined by complete washing.
    5. The impurities in crystals of Lake Macleod and Port Hedland solar salts imported during 1969-1971 were H2O; 0.93, 1.84%, K+; 0.012, 0.022%, Mg++; 0.024, 0.063% and Ca++; 0.013, 0.011%, respectively. Composition of the impurities in crystals of Port Hedland was on the concentration process of sea water, while that of Lake Macleod was SO4-rich shifted from the concentrating process of sea water.
    6. Water in the crystals of these salts was contained in the form of cavities. Solar salts containing more cavities, were not transparent. It was estimated that the solar salts of Port Hedland crystallized more advanced degree of concentrating process of sea water than those of Lake Macleod, because they contained more concentrated mother liquid in the crystals.
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  • Studies on Temperature Measuring Method
    Yoshihiro NAKAJIMA, Nobuaki NAKAZAWA, Koichi TAHARA
    1974 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 336-340
    Published: 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj1965.27.336
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    Studies on an accurate temperature measuring method were conducted, and the following results was obtained:
    1) To do the accurate measurement of temperature by thermocouple effects of the room temperature effect on thermocouple emf. must be taken into consideration.
    2) The thermal characteristic test of thermocouple must be done and the best probe should be used.
    3) The combination of hot junction and cold junction of thermocouple should not be changed for use and calibration.
    4) There were few errors even if commercial ice and pure water were used for the cold bath.
    5) Calibration must be done for temperature measurement by resistance temperature probe.
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  • Desalination Technique for Sea Water by Reverse Osmosis
    Hiroshi SAITO
    1974 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 341-349
    Published: 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj1965.27.341
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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