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Volume 30 (1976 - 197･･･
- Issue 5-6 Pages 261-
- Issue 4 Pages 177-
- Issue 3 Pages 118-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 30, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1976 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 3-13
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (8099K) -
Hirofumi MIYOSHI, Tsugio FUKUMOTO, Takeshi KATAOKA1976 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 14-19
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrodialytic equipments with ion exchange membranes have been mainly used for separating and refining operations of brackish water; that is, concentrating or desalting. When these electrodialytic equipments are operated under the conditions which are more than the limiting current density, it is well known that the, excessive electric current deteriorates the properties of the ion exchange membranes.
From this reason, many studies have so far been made to predict the limiting current density. One is the approach made by Rosenberg et al. and Cowan et al. without spacers in the electrodialytic stack, and another is the approach by Kitamoto et al. with spacers. However, it seems that an agreed view has not given yet about the limiting current density.
In this paper, as an approach to predict the limiting current density, the concentration distribution within the ion exchange stack without spacers was estimated for the case that the ion exchange liquid flows in laminar under the steady state in the electrodialytic equipment with ion exchange membranes, and the estimating equation for the limiting current density was proposed.
On the limiting current density, the effects of ion exchange membranes, electrolytes, concentration of feed solution and flow rates were checked under various conditions.
It was found that both Eq.(26) of present work and Eq.(27) of Rosenberg et al. agreed approximately with experimental data in laminar region and that they may be applied to the estimation of the limiting current density.View full abstractDownload PDF (3457K) -
Studies on the Scale Prevention in Concentrating Process of Sea Water (Part 5)Shizuo SUGITA, Kenichi KAGIWADA1976 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 20-25
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of preventing alkaline scale from the concentration of sea water, the effect of 13 kinds of additives on the formation of alkaline scale was studied under the following conditions:(1) Apparatus; small evaporator,(2) Brine concentration; CF 2,(3) Temperature; 101°C (1 atm., b. p.). The results were as follows:
1) Sodium poly phosphate and sodium poly acrylate pruned to be effective on the scale prevention, and this effect was brought about by their inhibition of scale forming constituents.
2) The effect of sodium poly acryl ate for preventing alkaline scale was changed by the polymerisation grade, and the low polymerisation grade such as p. g. 75,100 pruned to be most effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (3724K) -
Masao MOTOYAMA, Minoru KADOTA, Shumpei OKA1976 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 26-34
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of obtaining the fundamental data for the graphical calculations of the concentration process for the ion exchange membrane brines and the treatment of their bitterns, the solubility equilibria for the system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 100°C were determined by isothermal method. As a result, four quaternary systems, KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O, NaCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O, NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O and NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O, and one quinary system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O at 100°C were shown by five tables and four diagrams on the triangular coordinates, and by one diagram on the ordinary tetrahedron coordinates. For the quinary system, a diagram on triangular coordinate of Janecke type was also shown by assuming the saturation with sodium chloride, to facilitate practical calculations.
The diagram of this system at 100°C had eight crystallization regions, of which four were double salts,i.e., carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O), tachhydrite (CaCl2·2MgCl2·12H2O), baeumlerite (CaCl2·KCl), and 2CaCl2·MgCl2·6H2O. In the tetrahedron diagram, the total fields of sodium chloride and potassium chloride occupied almost all the volume of the tetrahedron, while those of the other crystals were very small and located close to the surface of the quaternary system KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O on the tetrahedron.View full abstractDownload PDF (5630K) -
Studies on the Properties of Salt (Part 1)Shizuo SUGITA, Hitomi NIRAYAMA1976 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 35-42
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author studied the measuring methods of pH, alkalinity in salt, and these methods were proposed. The measurement was made on the pH and alkalinity of various samples such as common salt, refined salt and table salt made by Japanese and foreign salt-manufacturing companies. The results were as follows:
1) The pH and the alkalinity of those samples were in the range of 5.72-10.60, 2.10-7530 as 0.01N H2SO4ml/sample 1,000g respectively.
2) The pH and the alkalinity of common salts were found to have close relations with the scale preventing method in electrodialysis cell, the drying process of common salt and the magnesium content of common salt.
3) As the result of a study made about the influence of sodium chloride concentration on pH decreases of acid and alkaline solutions were studied, the concentration was found to be 0.56-0.86 mol/kg per 0.1pH unit decrease.View full abstractDownload PDF (5010K) -
Studies on the Extraction of Uranium from Sea Water by the Composite Adsorbent (Part 3)Kazuhiko SUGASAKA, Shunsaku KATOH, Ayako FUJII, Yoshitaka MIYAI, Norio ...1976 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 43-49
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the hydrolysis pH and temperature of aluminium chloride in the presence of activated carbon on the properties of the products were studied to clear the preparation conditions of the composite adsorbent (C-Al-OH) for the extraction of uranium from sea water.
Aluminium contents of the adsorbent increased when the hydrolysis pH and the temperature became higher. The adsorptive capacity for uranium was closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent: the capacity increased in proportion to the mean pore size and the quantity of acid group, which was determined as alkaline consumption, whereas the capacity was inversely proportional to the specific surface area of the adsorbent. Most of the adsorbent was amorphous in X-ray diffraction pattern. Several adsorbents, which showed crystallinity in X-ray diffraction pattern, showed their low adsorptive capacity for uranium.
The Freundlich's relationship was observed between the concentration and the capacity of uranium. Uranium uptake from natural sea water by the adsorbent was found to be 160-280μg/g-adsorbent after 30 days stirring.View full abstractDownload PDF (4685K) -
Yoshio TANIGUCHI, Masao TSUNEKAWA1976 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 50-53
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe most simple equation involving three parameters; namely, membrane feed concentration Cf, permeate concentration Cp and membrane rejection R, has been used for calculating the membrane rejection of commercial RO plant.
The measured permeate concentration,Cp, may be reasonable value, because it is an average value of all the permeates from the lowest concentration of the first drop to the highest concentration of the last.
On the other hand, it is difficult to determine exactly an average membrane feed concentration, Cf, even if it is calculated as an arithmetical mean of inlet feed and outlet concentrated solution.
A set of newly developed equations for the design of high recovery reverse osmosis process is based on fluxional analysis of solute mass through the membrane, and contains such parameters as the concentration of inlet feed solution,Cf, the outlet concentrated solution, Cb, the membrane permeated product solution,Cf, the volumetric fraction of product recovery,f, and the membrane rejection, R.
The experimental results obtained by commercial scale RO plant show that the equations to give more reasonable approximation than conventional ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (2307K)
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