This article reviews concepts of reverse logistics and research works on the reverse logistics. In the early days, it was defined as the inverse process of logistics. However, the concept was later extended to include the perspective of the environment and economy, since increased flow of the returned goods and waste material became an important issue. Many researches have responded to the need of conducting research on this new perspective on reverse logistics. This study conducts review on four main areas, such as general framework, reverse logistics system, models, and related laws, and finally points out the areas in need of further research on the reverse logistics.

This paper analyzed the recent trends of the PPP type transport projects, including railway, airport and port etc., in Asia and Latin America. It pointed out the future direction of how to improve the business environment of and how to promote successful participation of relevant Japanese private sectors in overseas PPP projects. In order to proceed in this direction, more effective PPP schemes should be considered and promoted. This can be done by utilizing bilateral policy talks with related countries, improving consulting functions, formulating effective business models and partnership strategies in relevant regions.