This paper aims to propose an evaluation method on railway service improvement. Railway improvement has various benefits, but usual evaluation method can be only applied to evaluate parts of these benefits, for example transfer time, congestion rate, cost, etc. Other benefits, safety, consistency, punctuality, amenity, cannot be evaluated. According to CVM and CS survey, any benefits of railway improvement can be evaluated. This paper shows that the proposed evaluation method is useful.

The drafts of container vessels are getting deeper and deeper in recent years, and the port facilities need to accommodate these deepening container vessels. This paper deals with the data of berthing/sailing and for/aft draft of fully cellular container vessels that call at Japan. These actual drafts are analyzed by comparing those data with the full load drafts of container vessels and depths of container berths. Furthermore, an inquire into the depths of container berths are made.

In this paper, we estimate the external costs of road transport in Japan. We estimate the external costs of air pollution, climate change, noise, traffic accidents, uncovered infrastructure and congestion. Basically we adopt techniques which are standard in European countries and the United States. External costs are distributed into four vehicle categories; cars, buses, large trucks and small trucks. Then, external costs per vehicle kilometer, per passenger kilometer, and per tons kilometer are calculated. The aggregate external costs amount to 32.5 (19.7-60.4) trillion yen or 4.6 (4.0-12.3) % of GDP. These values are about the same order as existing major studies.

Bulk carriers carries dry bulk cargo such as grain, log, coal, ore and so on. Previous studies have not analyzed the trend of size of bulk carrier sufficiently. This paper deals with this trend by not only all bulk carrier fleet, but also the vessels of each carrying cargo. Beside this, the data of bulk carriers that call at Japanese port are also analyzed. Furthermore, the way of making the plan of developing the berth for bulk carrier is shown.