Office business operations in the center of a city have the urban agglomeration economy. Therefore, Deregulated the building Floor to Area Ratio (FAR) in the center of a city, the greater the density of office working population and the greater the productivity of office operations. On the other hand concentration of office-firm cause the external diseconomy typified in road traffic congestion. This study determines the benefit and the effect of road traffic increase by deregulation of FAR, using the data of Tokyo 23 special wards. To be concrete our analysis, on the policy assumption that office building FAR have limited use until 1500% and the remaining FAR assign the housing space, deregulated of FAR in Tokyo Chiyoda-ward. The results of this study are that benefit from productivity increasing is 649.2 [billion per year] (1.27% of prefecture income), cost form road traffic increasing is 69.23 [billion per year] (0.13% of prefecture income), and that the value which deduct the cost from benefit is 579.97 [billion per year] (1.13% of prefecture income).

This study focuses on how sequential changes of the bus transportation service affects the behavior and needs formation of the residents in rural areas. As a result, the change of the behavior is different from the purpose of activity and is also different from the level of the service. In addition, the needs formation depends on the service level so that people tends to form the modest needs if the service level is low. Then it is suggested that the difference of the service level make the difference of not only behavior but also needs formation.