Expressway networks are generally constructed in stages over a long period of time. Thus it is not guaranteed that the stage-based network construction process, in which the prioritization is based only on a short-term evaluation of each project, is optimal.

In this study, we propose methodology for optimizing the stage-based construction process, and search for optimum construction processes for future Japanese expressway network. Moreover, we compare these optimum processes with the stage-based construction process, and consider the future course for Japanese expressway network construction.

Recently financial conditions of Japanese ports are getting worse due to the decrease of container cargoes. Moreover,public works are decreasing due to severe national fiscal condition, and port management bodies have to search for other financial resources for example PFI. In order to finance their construction and operation, their own financial strength is indispensable.

The objectives of the research are to analyze financial conditions of Japanese major port management bodies, compare them with those of several advanced ports both in Europe, East Asia and the North America, then propose recommendations to improve financial conditions.

In cost benefit analysis of a transport project, user's benefit is usually measured at the level of OD transport demand,while the demand can be estimated at mode or path level. Reduction of congestion is also usually included in the user's benefit. In contrast, Kidokoro (2002) pointed out that to these ways for measuring, which are adopted in the official manual for the CBA of rail projects (Organization for Transport Policy Study (1999)), are theoretically wrong. In this paper we first re-examine these ways for measuring benefit so that they should be deeply related to benefit of newly opened service and to pricing scheme. We then conclude that these ways in the manual are still correct.