Various inbound tourism policies have been strengthened in line with the National Tourism Strategy declared in January 2003. In the transport sector, to ensure smooth travel for inbound tourists, information provision especially by means of foreign languages has been promoted systematically in public transport facilities. However, further considerations should be given to the needs and preference of the inbound tourist for more effective policy making. In this study, to understand travel preferences of inbound tourists, we used a stated-preference survey conducted among departing international tourists from Narita Airport. In particular, two factors were analyzed: (1) the willingness-to-pay for a hypothetical increase in the price of Japan Rail Pass to include Nozomi trains; and (2) preferences for public transport passes in Tokyo metropolitan area.

Given the case that trains are operated over a track owned by two railway companies, the common fare in which they share a single break-even constraint, the common fare in which they have its own break-even constraint, an added-up fare, and a fare by the merged company are considered from the view point of Ramsey pricing. It is shown in qualitative analyses and numerical examples that the common fare is likely to be superior to the adding-up fare in terms of social net benefits. It is also shown that Ramsey rules are applicable in branch lines operated by each company.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify what kinds of nonprofit organizations and how nonprofit organizations are managing to provide special transportation services for seniors and disabled sustainably by questionnaires and hearing survey. The result of the survey is that the organizations which provided social welfare services and elderly-care-insurance services, can manage sustainably, and that the organizations which provided the only special transport services tend to discontinue their business. It is necessity to involve new staff and to change rigid regulation to flexible one of transport services for sustainable management.