Overtourism has emerged as a global concern because of its worldwide negative impacts on society, culture, nature, and the environment. Local authorities have been implementing policies to solve the negative consequences to some extent. However, links between overtourism and the policy have rarely been investigated. This study categorised the policies into types and levels based on qualitative information and ranked overtourism as ordinal with quantitative information. By investigating the data for selected cities, the correlation between policy strictness and overtourism degree was analysed. The findings indicate that the combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators might be a useful tool to compare overtourism degrees on a relative basis. Some typical types of reactions of destinations to the overtourism problem, which might be a determinant of destination tourism development, were found.

In this study, we performed a debt redemption simulation of Japan’s expressway network when tolls were collected until FY 2115, and then compared it with the current toll levels of expressways, which are based on a model that assumes toll collection until FY 2060. The results showed that if the current framework is maintained, and “Shin-Tomei/Shin-Meishin’s lanes increased to six,” “Provisional two-lane to four-lane project,” and “Renewals” are implemented, the toll will be increased by at least 10%. The results also clarified that the simulation values of debt redemption would be almost the same when considering all electronic tolling and halving of the fare for the provisional two-lane sections. Further, the results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the toll rate could be reduced for “extension of the road improvement period for the provisional two-lane to four-lane project” and the toll rate in the cases of “property tax exemption” and “1% maximum interest rate” can be less than the current one.

This study examines the implementation of on-demand mobility solutions in rural areas in order to improve rural mobility. Also, this study presents the on-demand mobility system developed using TABU search algorithm for multi-vehicle dial a ride problem. The simulation results using the system showed that the system can be effectively used in the region.